La última prisión de Quevedo. Documentos atribuidos, atribuibles y apócrifos

El autor manifiesta sus dudas sobre algunas obras atribuidas a Quevedo y tenidas por auténticas. Repasa diversos documentos relativos a la prisión de 1639: la Carta del arzobispo de Granada a Felipe IV (6 de diciembre de 1639), el memorial de Quevedo al Conde-Duque “Si no es la esperanza...”, el “primer” memorial de Quevedo a Felipe IV “Señor: Don Francisco de Quevedo ha tres años y más...”, las cuatro epístolas escritas “A imitación de las de Séneca” y el testamento y codicilo fechados el 25 de abril de 1645. The author shows his doubts about some works attributed to Quevedo and generally thought as authentic. He examines differents documents refering to the prision of 1639: A letter of the archbishop to the king Felipe IV (December, the 6th, 1639), Quevedo’s memorial addressed to the Conde-Duque “Si no es la esperanza...”, and the “first” memorial to the king Felipe IV “Señor: Don Francisco de Quevedo ha tres años y más...”, the four letters written “A imitación de las de Séneca” and the testament and codicil dated 25 April, 1645

"Más he querido atreverme que engañarme": Quevedo frente al dilema de hablar o callarse en Los sueños

Entre «hablar» y «callarse» parece haberse debatido Quevedo, obedeciendo ya a uno, ya a otro impulso, pero no por vacilación ni irresolución. Dicha postura retórica y las decisiones que tomó al respecto entre 1603 y 1631, si no más tarde, eran de índole personal y política; personal porque se trataba del impulso por expresarse que siente profundamente cualquier escritor, y política porque en la España del siglo XVII «hablar» traía a colación el riego de la intervención del Estado y de la Inquisición («callar»). Caught between «speaking out» and «silencing himself», Quevedo seems to have complied with now one and now the other of these two impulses, but not in vacillation nor irresolution. This rhetorical posture and the decisions that he took in this respect between 1603 and 1631, if not later on, were of a personal and political character. Personal because they involved the impulse to express oneself which every writer feels in a profound way, and political because in seventeenth-century Spain, «speaking out» carried the risk of intervention by the State or the Inquisition («silencing himself»)

Cuarenta y dos cartas de Quevedo a dos jesuitas distinguidos

Examen detenido basado en la documentación original coetánea de lo que ya sabemos de las relaciones de Quevedo con los jesuitas, y de las noticias que aportan una serie de cartas desconocidas de Quevedo. Lo que sabemos se somete a una revisión a fondo; en las cartas desconocidas el satírico ventila, con el acostumbrado ingenio y atrevimiento, su experiencia, su intelecto, su habilidad literaria y su sentido del humor. This article is a detailed exam based on contemporary documents about the relationship of Quevedo with the jesuits and new information provided by some letters unknown of Quevedo. What we know is revised thoroughly; in the new letters, Quevedo examines his experience, his know ledge, his literary skills and his sense of humour, with his ingenuity and fearlessness

"Más he querido atreverme que engañarme": Quevedo frente al dilema de hablar o callarse en Los sueños

Entre «hablar» y «callarse» parece haberse debatido Quevedo, obedeciendo ya a uno, ya a otro impulso, pero no por vacilación ni irresolución. Dicha postura retórica y las decisiones que tomó al respecto entre 1603 y 1631, si no más tarde, eran de índole personal y política; personal porque se trataba del impulso por expresarse que siente profundamente cualquier escritor, y política porque en la España del siglo XVII «hablar» traía a colación el riego de la intervención del Estado y de la Inquisición («callar»). Caught between «speaking out» and «silencing himself», Quevedo seems to have complied with now one and now the other of these two impulses, but not in vacillation nor irresolution. This rhetorical posture and the decisions that he took in this respect between 1603 and 1631, if not later on, were of a personal and political character. Personal because they involved the impulse to express oneself which every writer feels in a profound way, and political because in seventeenth-century Spain, «speaking out» carried the risk of intervention by the State or the Inquisition («silencing himself»)

Health sector spending and spending on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and development assistance for health: progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3

Background: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 aims to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”. While a substantial effort has been made to quantify progress towards SDG3, less research has focused on tracking spending towards this goal. We used spending estimates to measure progress in financing the priority areas of SDG3, examine the association between outcomes and financing, and identify where resource gains are most needed to achieve the SDG3 indicators for which data are available. Methods: We estimated domestic health spending, disaggregated by source (government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private) from 1995 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. For disease-specific health spending, we estimated spending for HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis for 135 low-income and middle-income countries, and malaria in 106 malaria-endemic countries, from 2000 to 2017. We also estimated development assistance for health (DAH) from 1990 to 2019, by source, disbursing development agency, recipient, and health focus area, including DAH for pandemic preparedness. Finally, we estimated future health spending for 195 countries and territories from 2018 until 2030. We report all spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2019 US$, unless otherwise stated. Findings: Since the development and implementation of the SDGs in 2015, global health spending has increased, reaching$7·9 trillion (95% uncertainty interval 7·8–8·0) in 2017 and is expected to increase to $11·0 trillion (10·7–11·2) by 2030. In 2017, in low-income and middle-income countries spending on HIV/AIDS was$20·2 billion (17·0–25·0) and on tuberculosis it was $10·9 billion (10·3–11·8), and in malaria-endemic countries spending on malaria was$5·1 billion (4·9–5·4). Development assistance for health was $40·6 billion in 2019 and HIV/AIDS has been the health focus area to receive the highest contribution since 2004. In 2019,$374 million of DAH was provided for pandemic preparedness, less than 1% of DAH. Although spending has increased across HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria since 2015, spending has not increased in all countries, and outcomes in terms of prevalence, incidence, and per-capita spending have been mixed. The proportion of health spending from pooled sources is expected to increase from 81·6% (81·6–81·7) in 2015 to 83·1% (82·8–83·3) in 2030. Interpretation: Health spending on SDG3 priority areas has increased, but not in all countries, and progress towards meeting the SDG3 targets has been mixed and has varied by country and by target. The evidence on the scale-up of spending and improvements in health outcomes suggest a nuanced relationship, such that increases in spending do not always results in improvements in outcomes. Although countries will probably need more resources to achieve SDG3, other constraints in the broader health system such as inefficient allocation of resources across interventions and populations, weak governance systems, human resource shortages, and drug shortages, will also need to be addressed