NLRP3 inflammasome activation increase IL1β levels and cause impairment cognitive in pneumococcal meningitis

Artigo apresentado como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Bacharel, no Curso de Medicina, da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense- UNESC.Pneumococcal meningitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the most common causative organism of community acquired bacterial meningitis in adults is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Studies have examined the role of inflammasomes in bacterial meningitis and demonstrated the NLR are also involved in the recognition of S. pneumoniae by the innate immune system. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the NLRP3 expression and IL1B levels in hippocamp and frontal cortex and behavioral parameters in adult Wistar rats submitted to pneumococcal meningitis. Where use male Wistar rats, the bacterial meningitis induction was performed under anaesthesia, the animals received intracisternal injection of 10 μL of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a placebo or an equivalent volume of S. pneumoniae suspension. At 18 hours we confirm the meningitis infection and the animals destined to the behavioral tests received antimicrobial treatment. For the 24 hours protocol the animals were divided into control (n = 6), meningitis (n = 6), after this time the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were removed for evaluation of NLRP3 expression and levels of IL-1β. In the protocol for behavioral tests at 10 days, the animals were divided into control (n = 10), meningitis (n = 10). After the behavioral tests the animals were euthanized, and the hippocampal and prefrontal cortex structures removed for evaluation of NLRP3 expression and levels of IL-1β. The expression of NLRP3 was increased in both brain structures, of the meningitis group when compared to the control group. In the task of habituation to the open field, there were no differences in the groups in the training session. In the test session, there was a significant reduction in crosses and withdrawals in the control group demonstrating habituation memory in these groups. However, the meningitis group showed no difference between the training and test sessions, demonstrating impairment of habituation memory in this group. In the behavioral test of recognition of new objects, the animals of the meningitis group presented memory impairment of the object recognition, they did not use a significantly longer time exploring the new object, presenting loss of long-term memory. However, the animals in the control group had long-term memory between the test sessions compared to the training session. In the inhibitory avoidance task there was a difference between the training and test sessions in the control group and in the meningitis group there was no difference between the training and test sessions, demonstrating aversive memory impairment in these animals. NLRP3 expression at 10 days post-induction was increased in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the meningitis group when compared to the control group. In conclusion, we showed that experimental meningitis model induced the NLRP3 inflamassome activation, increased the IL1B levels and impairment behaviours in rats

Contributions of the international plant science community to the fight against human infectious diseases - part 1: epidemic and pandemic diseases.

Infectious diseases, also known as transmissible or communicable diseases, are caused by pathogens or parasites that spread in communities by direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated materials, through droplets and aerosols, or via vectors such as insects. Such diseases cause ˜17% of all human deaths and their management and control places an immense burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Traditional approaches for the prevention and control of infectious diseases include vaccination programmes, hygiene measures and drugs that suppress the pathogen, treat the disease symptoms or attenuate aggressive reactions of the host immune system. The provision of vaccines and biologic drugs such as antibodies is hampered by the high cost and limited scalability of traditional manufacturing platforms based on microbial and animal cells, particularly in developing countries where infectious diseases are prevalent and poorly controlled. Molecular farming, which uses plants for protein expression, is a promising strategy to address the drawbacks of current manufacturing platforms. In this review article, we consider the potential of molecular farming to address healthcare demands for the most prevalent and important epidemic and pandemic diseases, focussing on recent outbreaks of high-mortality coronavirus infections and diseases that disproportionately affect the developing world

Resumos concluídos - Medicina

Resumos concluídos - Medicin

Resumos concluídos - Neurociências

Resumos concluídos - Neurociência