Oxfendazole flukicidal activity in pigs

Although oxfendazole (OFZ) is a well know broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic, the assessment of its potential trematodicidal activity remains unexplored. OFZ administration at single high doses has been recommended to control Taenia solium cysticercus in pigs. The current study investigated the flukicidal activity obtained after a single high (30 mg/kg) oral dose of OFZ in pigs harbouring a natural Fasciola hepatica infection. Sixteen (16) local ecotype pigs were randomly allocated into two (2) experimental groups of 8 animals each named as follow: Untreated control and OFZ treated, in which animals received OFZ (Synanthic®, Merial Ltd., 9.06% suspension) orally at 30 mg/kg. At seven (7) days post-treatment, all the animals were sacrificed and direct adult liver fluke counts were performed following the WAAVP guidelines. None of the animals involved in this experiment showed any adverse event during the study. OFZ treatment as a single 30 mg/kg oral dose showed a 100% efficacy against F. hepatica. In conclusion, the trial described here demonstrated an excellent OFZ activity against F. hepatica in naturally infected pigs, after its administration at a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg.Fil: Ortiz, Pedro. Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca; PerúFil: Terrones, Susana. Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca; PerúFil: Cabrera, Maria. Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca; PerúFil: Hoban, Cristian. Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca; PerúFil: Ceballos, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Laura Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Cantón, Candela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Donedeu, Meritxell. Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines; Reino UnidoFil: Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Luis Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentin

Efecto de la suplementación dietaria con vitamina C sobre el rendimiento productivo, estrés y respuesta inmunitaria del pavo criado en un ambiente hipóxico natural

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of vitamin C in the diet of turkeys reared in a natural hypoxic environment (high Andean zone of Peru, 2750 masl), on productive performance, hematological values, stress status and immune function. One-day-old Hybrid Converter turkeys were assigned to 5 groups of 5 replicates. The birds of the 5 groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg of vitamin C for 91 days. Vitamin C decreased heterophile / lymphocyte levels (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, vitamin C at a level greater than or equal to 1000 mg / kg decreased bird mortality (p < 0.05), reduced the stress indicator (p < 0.05), increased the antibody titer (p < 0.05), but did not improve growth parameters (p > 0.05). Consequently, dietary supplementation with vitamin C could regulate productive performance, by reducing the level of mortality, promoting immune function, and improving the state of stress in commercial turkeys, reared in a natural hypoxic environment. These results encourage commercial turkey meat production in hypoxic areas.Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la adición de vitamina C en la dieta de pavos criados en un ambiente hipóxico natural (zona altoandina del Perú, 2750 msnm), sobre el rendimiento productivo, los valores hematológicos, el estado de estrés y la función inmune. Los pavos de engorde (Hybrid Converter) de un día de edad se asignaron a 5 grupos de 5 réplicas. Las aves de los 5 grupos fueron alimentadas con una dieta basal suplementada con 0 (grupo control), 500, 1000, 1500 y 2000 mg/kg de vitamina C durante 91 días. La vitamina C disminuyó los índices de heterófilos/linfocitos (p < 0,05). En comparación con el grupo control, la vitamina C a un nivel superior o igual a 1000 mg/kg disminuyó la mortalidad de las aves (p < 0,05), redujo el indicador de estrés (p < 0,05), aumentó el título de anticuerpos (p < 0,05), pero no mejoró los parámetros de crecimiento (p > 0,05). En consecuencia, la suplementación dietética con vitamina C podría regular el rendimiento productivo, al disminuir el nivel de mortalidad, promover la función inmune y mejorar el estado de estrés en pavos comerciales, criados en un ambiente hipóxico natural. Estos resultados alientan la producción de carne de pavo comercial en zonas hipóxicas

Efecto de cinco niveles de balance electrolítico dietario en el crecimiento, características de carcasa y metabolitos de suero sanguíneo del cuy (Cavia porcellus)

A study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary electrolyte balance (BED) on the productive performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites of guinea pig in an experimental farm in Cajamarca, Peru. In total, 150 male guinea pigs distributed in five treatments with five levels of BED: 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mEq/kg. Each treatment had six repetitions and each repetition with five guinea pigs/pen. The guinea pigs consumed concentrated feed for 42 days. At the end of the experimental period, six guinea pigs per treatment were slaughtered to determine the carcass yield, relative weights of the viscera and concentration of blood metabolites. Differences (p<0.05) were found in final body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion index in favour of guinea pigs with BED of 300 mEq/kg. There were no significant differences between treatments in carcass characteristics or in blood metabolite values, except creatinine. According to the results of this study, guinea pig could be fed 300 mEq/kg of BED, with satisfactory growth results.Se realizó un estudio para determinar los efectos del balance electrolítico dietario (BED) sobre el rendimiento productivo, características de la canal y metabolitos sanguíneos del cuy en una granja experimental de Cajamarca, Perú. Se utilizaron 150 cuyes machos distribuidos en cinco tratamientos con cinco niveles de BED: 100, 200, 300, 400 y 500 mEq/kg. Cada tratamiento tuvo seis repeticiones y cada repetición con cinco cuyes/poza. Los cuyes consumieron alimento concentrado durante 42 días. Al término del periodo experimental se sacrificaron seis cuyes por tratamiento para determinar el rendimiento de carcasa, pesos relativos de las vísceras y concentración de metabolitos sanguíneos. Se encontraron diferencias (p<0.05) en el peso corporal final, ganancia de peso e índice de conversión alimenticia a favor de cuyes con BED de 300 mEq/kg. No hubo diferencias significativas entre tratamientos en las características de la canal ni en los valores de metabolitos en sangre, excepto la creatinina. Según los resultados de este estudio, el cuy podría ser alimentado con 300 mEq/kg de BED, con resultados satisfactorios de crecimiento

The Differences in the Susceptibility Patterns to Triclabendazole Sulfoxide in Field Isolates of Fasciola hepatica Are Associated with Geographic, Seasonal, and Morphometric Variations

Triclabendazole (TCBZ) resistance is an emerging problem in fascioliasis that is not well understood. Studies including small numbers of parasites fail to capture the complexity of susceptibility variations between and within Fasciolahepatica populations. As the first step to studying the complex resistant phenotype–genotype associations, we characterized a large sample of adult F. hepatica with diverging TCBZ susceptibility. We collected parasites from naturally infected livestock slaughtered in the Cusco and Cajamarca regions of Peru. These parasites were exposed to TCBZ sulfoxide (TCBZ.SO) in vitro to determine their susceptibility. We used a motility score to determine the parasite’s viability. We titrated drug concentrations and times to detect 20% non-viable (susceptible conditions) or 80% non-viable (resistant conditions) parasites. We exposed 3348 fully motile parasites to susceptible (n = 1565) or resistant (n = 1783) conditions. Three hundred and forty-one (21.8%) were classified as susceptible and 462 (25.9%) were classified as resistant. More resistant parasites were found in Cusco than in Cajamarca (p < 0.001). Resistant parasites varied by slaughterhouse (p < 0.001), month of the year (p = 0.008), fluke length (p = 0.016), and year of collection (p < 0.001). The in vitro susceptibility to TCBZ.SO in wildtype F. hepatica was associated with geography, season, and morphometry

The differences in the susceptibility patterns to triclabendazole sulfoxide in field isolates of Fasciola hepatica are associated with geographic, seasonal, and morphometric variations

Triclabendazole (TCBZ) resistance is an emerging problem in fascioliasis that is not well understood. Studies including small numbers of parasites fail to capture the complexity of susceptibility variations between and withi

Pleiotropic alterations in gene expression in Latin American Fasciola hepatica isolates with different susceptibility to drugs

Background: Fasciola hepatica is the main agent of fasciolosis, a zoonotic disease affecting livestock worldwide, and an emerging food-borne disease in humans. Even when effective treatments are available, drugs are costly and can result in tolerance, liver damage and normally they do not prevent reinfection. Drug-resistant strains in livestock have been reported in various countries and, more worryingly, drug resistance in human cases has emerged in South America. The present study aims to characterize the transcriptome of two South American resistant isolates, the Cajamarca isolate from Peru, resistant to both triclabendazole and albendazole (TCBZR/ABZR) and the Rubino isolate from Uruguay, resistant to ABZ (TCBZS/ABZR), and compare them to a sensitive strain (Cenapa, Mexico, TCBZS/ABZS) to reveal putative molecular mechanisms leading to drug resistance. Results: We observed a major reduction in transcription in the Cajamarca TCBZR/ABZR isolate in comparison to the other isolates. While most of the differentially expressed genes are still unannotated, several trends could be detected. Specific reduction in the expression levels of cytoskeleton proteins was consistent with a role of tubulins as putative targets of triclabendazole (TCBZ). A marked reduction of adenylate cyclase might be underlying pleiotropic effects on diverse metabolic pathways of the parasite. Upregulation of GST mu isoforms suggests this detoxifying mechanism as one of the strategies associated with resistance. Conclusions: Our results stress the value of transcriptomic approaches as a means of providing novel insights to advance the understanding of drug mode of action and drug resistance. The results provide evidence for pleiotropic variations in drug-resistant isolates consistent with early observations of TCBZ and ABZ effects and recent proteomic findings.Fil: Radio, Santiago. Universidad de la República; Uruguay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Clemente Estable"; UruguayFil: Fontenla, Santiago. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Solana, María Victoria. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Matos Salim, Anna Christina. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Gomes Araújo, Flávio Marcos. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Ortiz, Pedro. Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca; PerúFil: Hoban, Cristian. Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca; PerúFil: Miranda, Estefan. Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación; MéxicoFil: Gayo, Valeria. Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca; UruguayFil: Sviatopolk Mirsky Pais, Fabiano. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Solana, Hugo Daniel. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Oliveira, Guilherme. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Smircich, Pablo. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Clemente Estable"; Uruguay. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Tort Almeida, Jose Francisco. Universidad de la República; Urugua

A PCR Test Using the Mini-PCR Platform and Simplified Product Detection Methods Is Highly Sensitive and Specific to Detect <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> DNA Mixed in Human Stool, Snail Tissue, and Water DNA Specimens

Fasciola hepatica has a complex lifecycle with multiple intermediate and definitive hosts and influenced by environmental factors. The disease causes significant morbidity in children and its prevalent worldwide. There is lack of data about distribution and burden of the disease in endemic regions, owing to poor efficacy of the different diagnostic methods used. A novel PCR-based test was developed by using a portable mini-PCR® platform to detect Fasciola sp. DNA and interpret the results via a fluorescence viewer and smartphone image analyzer application. Human stool, snail tissue, and water samples were used to extract DNA. Primers targeting the ITS-1 of the 18S rDNA gene of Fasciola sp. were used. The limit of detection of the mini-PCR test was 1 fg/μL for DNA samples diluted in water, 10 fg/μL for Fasciola/snail DNA scramble, and 100 fg/μL for Fasciola/stool DNA scramble. The product detection by agarose gel, direct visualization, and image analyses showed the same sensitivity. The Fh mini-PCR had a sensitivity and specificity equivalent to real-time PCR using the same specimens. Testing was also done on infected human stool and snail tissue successfully. These experiments demonstrated that Fh mini-PCR is as sensitive and specific as real time PCR but without the use of expensive equipment and laboratory facilities. Further testing of multiple specimens with natural infection will provide evidence for feasibility of deployment to resource constrained laboratories

Additional file 3: Figure S2. of Pleiotropic alterations in gene expression in Latin American Fasciola hepatica isolates with different susceptibility to drugs

a Correlation of normalized counts and housekeeping genes. Scatterplot showing the correlation of Cenapa normalized counts per gene versus their Cajamarca counterparts. b Scatterplot showing the correlation of Cenapa normalized counts per gene versus their Rubino counterparts. Full circles highlight the expression of genes belonging to housekeeping functions. Colors are as in Fig. 2. (TIFF 1042 kb

Cours élémentaire pratique d'anglais commercial, par Léon Marissiaux,...

Differential expression of redox genes. (XLSX 40 kb