Amorphous Phase in Palladium—Silicon Alloys

By rapid cooling from the melt, an amorphous phase has been obtained in palladium—silicon alloys containing 15 to 23 at.% Si. This phase is stable at room temperature and crystallization cannot be detected after one month at 250°C. With rates of heating greater than 20°C/min, rapid crystallization takes place at 400°C, with a heat release of approximately 1000 cal/mole. The electrical resistivity of an alloy containing 17 at.% Si at room temperature is 2.6 times that of the equilibrium alloy. The resistivity decreases linearly with decreasing temperature and is about 95% of the room-temperature value at 2°K. Various factors involved in the retention of amorphous phases in rapidly quenched liquid alloys are discussed

Some investigations on the iodates of group IV A

Abstract not available.<p

Advanced airway management for pre-hospital trauma patients

Poor airway management in severely injured patients is a source of significant morbidity and mortality and frequently identified as a cause of preventable death in this group of patients. Traditionally the majority of patients have not received definitive airway management until arrival at hospital and those patients who were sufficiently obtunded on scene to tolerate tracheal intubation without the use of drugs had a universally poor outcome. Pre-hospital Emergency Medicine (PHEM) is now a recognised medical subspecialty and is usually delivered by doctors and paramedics with specific training in this field. The development of this subspecialty has increased the practice of Pre-Hospital Emergency Anaesthesia (PHEA). Despite improvements in the delivery of PHEM and consequently of PHEA, controversy surrounding this intervention exists and it has failed to demonstrate an obvious survival benefit. This thesis sets out to further examine the practice of PHEA and attempt to establish why this intervention does not appear to be reducing mortality in patients who have sustained major trauma. I designed and developed studies to address a number of key questions including whether there is a requirement for PHEA, the potential benefit of it, and to identify areas of practice that can be improved. Through studies conducted at a local and national level I have been able to provide evidence that not only is PHEA an essential and beneficial intervention for a subset of major trauma patients, but also that there is a demand for this intervention which is not met by the current prehospital practice and infrastructure in the UK

Enhancing Social Skill Performance In Vivo: An Investigation of Tootling Across Activity Structures

Tootling is a class-wide intervention where students provide written positive peer reports of classmates’ prosocial behaviors, which are then reinforced with interdependent group-oriented contingencies. This dissertation includes four chapters. The first three chapters are written as intact papers. The first paper provides both a review of tootling research and a description of how educators can apply a tootling intervention in their classrooms. The next two chapters describe empirical studies conducted with elementary students in an after-school program. In Chapter Two, a withdrawal design was used to evaluate the effects of a tootling intervention that simultaneously targeted two recently taught social skills: encouraging and complimenting peers. Results suggest that the tootling intervention increased student engagement in both of these recently trained social skills while the students played a small group game. The next study, Chapter Three, was designed to investigate the effects of the structure of the activity that students engage in while tootling on levels of complimenting and encouraging. Results suggest that the tootling intervention was more effective in enhancing students’ complimenting and encouraging their peers when they engaged in a cooperative activity, as opposed to a parallel play activity or an activity that involved individual competition. Together, these studies suggest that tootling can be used to enhance student performance of recently taught social skills in natural social contexts. Additionally, these results suggest that to maximize students’ performance of recently taught social skills, educators should consider structuring classroom activities so that they provide more opportunities for engagement in those specific social skills. Chapter Four provides directions for future researchers. Specifically, this chapter focuses on longitudinal research evaluating the effects of supplementing social skills training with tootling on the development of socially competent children and the broad and meaningful psychological, social, and academic benefits associated with this social competence

Edwin M Stanton and the Lincoln Assassination

HistoryMaster of Arts (M.A.

Ministry and Mortar: Historic Preservation and the First Amendment After Barwick

On July 2, 1986, the New York Court of Appeals refused to exempt the Church of St. Paul and St. Andrew in New York City from the city\u27s landmark preservation ordinance on the basis of the Free Exercise Clause of the first amendment. Although Church of St. Paul and St. Andrew v. Barwick involved a declaratory judgment action and the court based its decision on ripeness, it reaffirmed the constitutional standard for religious organizations announced six years earlier in Society for Ethical Culture v. Spatt. The court in Barwick relied on the Spatt court\u27s holding that application of the New York City preservation ordinance to religious property was constitutional unless the law,as applied, physically or financially prevents or seriously interferes with the charitable purpose. Thus, the Spatt court applied what was essentially a taking standard to religious groups because the court felt that preservation statutes regulated secular activities. In Church of St. Paul and St. Andrew v. Barwick, the court extended the Spatt holding to require a church to comply with landmark regulations even if it sought to renovate the worship building for continuing religious use. The New York Court of Appeals ruled that preservation statutes do not implicate the first amendment as long as they merely regulate church buildings and church property development. The court held that all constitutional claims by religious groups fall under the less stringent taking standard first applied in charitable, nonprofit cases. The Church of St. Paul and St. Andrew, determined to prevent what it considered unjust infringements on religious freedom, unsuccessfully appealed to the United States Supreme Court

Glassy steel optimized for glass-forming ability and toughness

An alloy development strategy coupled with toughness assessments and ultrasonic measurements is implemented to design a series of iron-based glass-forming alloys that demonstrate improved glass-forming ability and toughness. The combination of good glass-forming ability and high toughness demonstrated by the present alloys is uncommon in Fe-based systems, and is attributed to the ability of these compositions to form stable glass configurations associated with low activation barriers for shear flow, which tend to promote plastic flow and give rise to a toughness higher than other known Fe-based bulk-glass-forming systems

Iodine in drinking water from East African groundwater sources

Chronic deficiency has long been associated with development of iodine-deficiency disorders (IDDs). Drinking water, including groundwater, contributes to dietary iodine intake, and the prevalence of IDDs is widely reported. However, there are no minimum or maximum guideline concentrations for iodine in drinking water, and iodine is rarely analysed during traditional groundwater health studies. This study reviews the iodine content of drinking water sampled by the British Geological Survey, from groundwater sources in sixteen regions of Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania and Malawi. Preliminary results reveal that iodine concentration is associated with the amount of total dissolved solids, and shows the strongest relationship with sulphate, uranium, strontium, sodium and fluoride. Drinking water sourced from boreholes and hand dug wells are shown to have elevated iodine concentrations relative to local rainfall and spring sources. Work is ongoing to investigate the relationships between iodine and other solutes in the groundwater, and to build a database of groundwater in East Africa