Effects of red wine and different doses of polyphenols from dealcoholised red wine on endothelial function in subjects with metabolic syndrome

Podeu consultar el III Workshop anual INSA-UB complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/118993Sessió 1. Pòster núm.

Effect and Metabolism of lignans on gut microbiota and their impact on health

[eng] The World Health Organization (WHO) 1 says that CVDs are number one cause of death globally. An estimated 17.7 million people died from CVDs in 2015, representing 31% of all global deaths. Over three quarters of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries. Some of the risk factors are raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, raised blood lipids, and overweight and obesity. A large number of epidemiological studies have associated the consumption of polyphenols with a decreased risk of CV or coronary heart disease. Lignans are a class of polyphenols formed by 2 phenylpropane units, also referred as plant phytoestrogens. When ingested, they can be metabolized by the gastrointestinal microbiota to their bioactive forms, the enterolignans enterodiol (ED) and enterolactone (EL)2,3 . The presence of ED and EL in the body has been correlated with the prevention of some chronic disease like cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and hyperlipidemia, and some cancers like colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and menopausal syndrome2,4,5. Moreover, since in the last consensus International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) concluded that plant polyphenols can also meet the criteria of prebiotics; lignans could act as a prebiotic. Although, still more studies in the target host are required6. Malnutrition is estimated to contribute to more than one third of all child deaths, although it is rarely listed as the direct cause7. From WHO sources7 we know that in 2014, approximately 462 million adults worldwide were underweight, while 1.9 billion were either overweight or obese. In 2016, an estimated 155 million children under the age of 5 years were suffering from stunting, while 41 million were overweight or obese. Around 45% of deaths among children under 5 years of age are linked to undernutrition. These mostly occur in low- and middle-income countries. At the same time, in these same countries, rates of childhood overweight and obesity are rising. It is becoming increasingly apparent that gut microbiota play a pivotal role in the development and etiology of malnutrition8–10. The microbiota influence host metabolism, nutrient absorption, inflammation and even hormonal signaling, leading to changes in linear growth and weight gain in mice and humans11,12. In this thesis I aim to study the impact of dietary lignans and yogurts on cardiovascular risk parameters, deepen on knowledge of lignans metabolism by gut microbiota and evaluate the impact of lignans in health and malnourishment

Quorum sensing modulates bacterial virulence and colonization dynamics of the gastrointestinal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium

ABSTRACTQuorum Sensing (QS) is a form of cell-to-cell communication that enables bacteria to modify behavior according to their population density. While QS has been proposed as a potential intervention against pathogen infection, QS-mediated communication within the mammalian digestive tract remains understudied. Using an LC-MS/MS approach, we discovered that Citrobacter rodentium, a natural murine pathogen used to model human infection by pathogenic Escherichia coli, utilizes the CroIR system to produce three QS-molecules. We then profiled their accumulation both in vitro and across different gastrointestinal sites over the course of infection. Importantly, we found that in the absence of QS capabilities the virulence of C. rodentium is enhanced. This highlights the role of QS as an effective mechanism to regulate virulence according to the pathogen’s spatio-temporal context to optimize colonization and transmission success. These results also demonstrate that inhibiting QS may not always be an effective strategy for the control of virulence

Associations between Both Lignan and Yogurt Consumption and Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in an Elderly Population: Observations from a Cross-Sectional Approach in the PREDIMED Study

Background The study of dietary patterns is gaining interest. Although the health benefits of yogurt and lignans have been investigated separately, to our knowledge there are no studies on their associative effects.Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible association between yogurt and lignans using biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in an elderly population.Design We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the association between baseline dietary information and cardiovascular risk parameters using food frequency questionnaires.Participants We enrolled 7,169 Spanish participants of the PREDIMED (Prevencion con Dieta Mediterranea) study (elderly men and women at high cardiovascular risk) from June 2003 to June 2009.Main outcome measures Cardiovascular risk parameters, including cholesterol, tri-glycerides, glucose, body mass index, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured.Statistical analysis General linear models were used to assess the relationship between categorical variables (yogurt, total dairy intake, lignans, and yogurt plus lignans) and cardiovascular risk parameters.Results The consumption of either yogurt or lignans seems to have beneficial effects on human health, but the consumption of both showed greater improvement in some cardiovascular health parameters. Indeed, participants with a higher consumption of both yogurt and lignans showed lower total cholesterol (estimated beta-coefficients= -6.18; P=0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (beta=-4.92; P=0.005). In contrast, participants with lower yogurt and lignan consumption had a higher body mass index (beta=0.28; P=0.007) and weight (beta=1.20; P=0.008).Conclusions High lignan and yogurt consumption is associated with a better cardiovascular risk parameters profile in an elderly Mediterranean population. Further research is warranted to determine the mechanisms and consequences of this potential effect