Electrochemical reduction of indigo in fixed and fluidized beds of graphite granules

Reducing agents required in the dyeing process for vat and sulfur dyes cannot be recycled and lead to problematic waste products. The electrochemical reduction of indigo on a fixed bed cathode consisting of graphite granules has been investigated by spectrophotometric experiments in laboratory cells. Experiments yield information about the kinetics and show the possibility of this process for production of water soluble leuco indigo, which offers environmental benefits. The influence of noble metals deposited on the granules and of different pretreatment methods of the graphite is demonstrated. In addition, the immobilization of quinoid molecules on the graphite surface has been investigate

Occurrence and prognosis of lymph node metastases in patients selected for isolated limb perfusion with soft tissue sarcoma.

<b> <i>Background and Objectives:</i> </b> Extensive surgery is often required for advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the limb. In the 1980s, a new approach was developed: isolated limb perfusion (ILP). This study aimed to assess incidence and impact on patient survival based on lymph node metastasis with systematic radical lymphadenectomy during ILP. <b> <i>Methods:</i> </b> Retrospective study of 57 consecutive patients treated by ILP for limb STS with simultaneous radical lymph node dissection in our tertiary referral center between 1992 and 2015. <b> <i>Results:</i> </b> Median age was 62 years (19-87) and 30 patients were male (53%). Lymph node involvement was observed in 13 patients (N1, 23%), regarded as metastatic spreading in 4 angiosarcomas, 3 epithelioid sarcomas, 2 leiomyosarcomas, 2 undifferentiated sarcomas and 2 synovial sarcomas. For the N0 patient group, median survival was 73.9 months (CI 95% 41.9-105.9) compared to 15.1 months (CI 95% 7.4-22.6) in case of metastatic lymph node ( <i>p</i> =0.002). The median disease-free survival was 33,0 months (CI 95% 12,5-53.5) in N0 group and 8.0 months (CI 95% 4.0-11.9) in N1 ( <i>p</i> =0.006). <b> <i>Conclusions:</i> </b> Lymph node metastases of STS patients selected for ILP seemed to have a negative impact on both overall and disease-free survival. Radical lymph node dissection should be included in ILP procedure

Electrochemical reduction of indigo in fixed and fluidized beds of graphite granules

ISSN:0021-891XISSN:1572-883

Electrochemical reduction of plant-derived indigo from Isatis tinctoria L.

Posters: P20vokKV

Integrating the weight of history into the alignment framework: the case of distributed generation technologies

Whereas a centralized energy supply system is still dominant today, the energy sector is currently witnessing the development of small-scale and more geographically dispersed generation units, so-called distributed generation technologies. So-called "alignment framework" proposes a very useful approach to look at this evolution. Yet, we argue in this paper that this framework does not fully take into account the inertia associated with past technological and institutional choices that may hinder future changes. Relying on the concept of socio-technical lock-in, we illustrate this point with the case of the diffusion of distributed generation technologies. Based on this analysis, we propose an adaptation of the alignment framework to integrate these elements