Réseau social et rétablissement: de l'influence du réseau social des personnes toxicodépendantes sur leur processus de rétablissement : travail de bachelor effectué dans le cadre de la formation à la Haute école de travail social de Genève

Les problèmes d’addiction sont souvent abordés sous l’angle des politiques de santé publique. Dans notre travail, nous avons traité cette problématique en lien avec le réseau social des personnes toxicodépendantes ayant travaillé leur processus de rétablissement à Argos, association d’aide aux personnes toxicodépendantes. Notre hypothèse est que posséder un réseau social non-consommateur permettrait un ancrage dans une vie abstinente durable et stable. Pour traiter ce sujet, nous avons posé un cadre théorique qui touche le contexte sociopolitique dans lequel notre travail s’inscrit. Nous avons ensuite réfléchi sur la conceptualisation de la toxicodépendance, des processus de socialisation, de la dynamique des réseaux sociaux et des mécanismes d’appartenance au groupe. Notre analyse se divise en trois axes. Dans la première partie, nous nous sommes intéressées à ce qui s’est joué au moment de l’émergence de la toxicomanie, en prenant l’angle de la rupture de la socialisation ordinaire et de la marginalisation qui en a découlé. Dans la seconde partie, nous avons envisagé le groupe d’appartenance comme maintien des conduites addictives. Nous terminons cette partie empirique par la sortie du contexte de toxicomanie, que nous avons choisi de traiter en intégrant les principes de résilience. Notre constatation est que cette problématique est à comprendre dans sa globalité et que le processus de rétablissement dépend de facteurs sociétaux, sociaux, individuels et relationnels

Being a poor farmer in a wealthy country: A Swiss case study

Many Swiss farming families face socioeconomic disadvantage despite Switzerland being a wealthy country with instruments of agricultural policy financially supporting almost all farmers. However, official poverty statistics exclude Swiss farmers and scientific knowledge is rare about how such situations are experienced. This article scrutinises the situation of Swiss farming families living in poverty or material deprivation by intertwining qualitative and quantitative methods to enrich both types of data and interpretations. By statistically comparing farmers with the self‐employed in other economic sectors, it uses a novel way of comparing the farming with the non‐farming population. The article shows that the poverty among farmers resembles that of the self‐employed with no or few employees in other economic sectors and describes the lived experiences of poverty and material deprivation. It concludes that adaptive preferences make farming families resilient to socioeconomic disadvantage, while possibly leading to a loss of their livelihood in the long run

The Impact of Adaptive Preferences on Subjective Indicators: An Analysis of Poverty Indicators

Subjective indicators are often criticized since they are thought to be particularly affected by the phenomenon of adaptive preferences and social comparison. For social policy purposes, processes of downward adaptation in disadvantaged individuals are of particular importance, i.e., it is supposed that such people compare themselves with others who are in the same precarious situation or even worse off and, as a result, lower their expectations and adapt their aspirations and preferences to their material and financial constraints. Based on the 2006-2010 waves of the Swiss Household Panel study, this contribution examines whether, and to what degree, indicators of material deprivation, subjective poverty and subjective well-being are affected by such downward adaptations. Our empirical analysis demonstrates that the bias caused by adaptation processes varies considerably among different measures and that, although subjective indicators are indeed often affected by this phenomenon, there are also robust measures, notably Townsend's deprivation measure, Halleröd's proportional deprivation index and the subjective well-being measure of general life satisfactio

Why Are Some Workers Poor? The Mechanisms that Produce Working Poverty in a Comparative Perspective

The objective of this article is to distinguish between different types of working poverty, on the basis of the mechanisms that produce it. Whereas the poverty literature identifies a myriad of risk factors and of categories of disadvantaged workers, we focus on three immediate causes of in-work poverty, namely low remuneration rate, weak labor force attachment, and high needs, the latter mainly due to the presence of children (and sometimes to the increase in needs caused by a family breakup). These three mechanisms are the channels through which macroeconomic, demographic and policy factors have a direct bearing on working households. The main assumption tested here is that welfare regimes strongly influence the relative weight of these three mechanisms in producing working poverty. Our figures confirm this hypothesis and show that low-wage employment is a key factor but, by far, not the only one, and that family policies broadly understood play a decisive role, as well as patterns of labour market participation and integration

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on working poverty ::theoretical and conceptual reflections

Due to the ongoing Covid-crisis, the number of workers benefiting from short-time work schemes was high, especially during lockdowns, another large group of workers started working from home, and others, unfortunately, lost their jobs. The current situation is unprecedented, because it is the only global recession driven solely by a pandemic and the decrease in life expectancy is the worst since World War II. This article first shows that the literature on the socioeconomic effects of the Covid-19 pandemic does not say much about working poverty. Applying a theoretical model presented in 2018 based on the four mechanisms that lead to working poverty (at the household level), this article considers the potential short- and mid-term implications of the pandemic for the working poor in Europe. It also proposes conceptual reflections about which working poverty indicators may improve our understanding of what has unfolded since the pandemic began