Déchiffrer la Société Géologique du Nord en escaladant les rayons de sa bibliothèque : histoire et analyse du fonds documentaire

International audienceThe creation of the Société Géologique du Nord’s library is concomitant with the foundation of the society itself in 1870 and reflects its history, which is closely linked to that of the University of Lille. Library rules and organization, buildings and equipment, classification and cataloguing of documents: the archives provide us with a wealth of information on the day-to-day life of a learned society library and allow us to investigate the way in which this rich collection has been built up over the last 150 years, within an extraordinarily vibrant international network. Corresponding and associate members, relative learned societies have made it possible to build up an exceptional collection of documents through the exchange of publications: journals and periodicals focusing on geology, paleontology and the natural sciences from all over the world, books, -almost a quarter of which are not held in any other French university library-, brochures and manuscripts, the majority of which still have to be described and digitized. A full statistic survey analyses this collection both in its geographical and chronological aspects. Today, this collection, deposited and then donated to the University Library of Lille, is a jewel of the university heritage and still conceals many discoveries to come.La création de la bibliothèque de la SGN est concomitante de la fondation de la société en 1870 et reflète son histoire, étroitement mêlée à celle de l’Université de Lille. Règlement et fonctionnement pratique, locaux et aménagements, classement et catalogage des documents : les archives nous fournissent une mine d’informations sur le quotidien d’une bibliothèque de société savante et nous permettent d’investiguer la manière dont cette riche collection s’est constituée au fil des 150 dernières années, au sein d’un réseau international d’une extraordinaire vivacité. Membres correspondants et associés, sociétés savantes amies ont permis de construire par échanges de publications un ensemble documentaire exceptionnel : revues et périodiques de géologie, paléontologie et sciences naturelles provenant de tous les pays, ouvrages - dont près d’un quart ne sont conservés dans aucune autre bibliothèque universitaire française -, brochures et manuscrits, enfin, dont la plus grande partie reste à décrire et numériser. Une étude statistique complète permet d’analyser cette collection de manière géographique et chronologique. Aujourd’hui, ce fonds, déposé puis donné à la Bibliothèque Universitaire de Lille, est un fleuron du patrimoine universitaire et recèle encore bien des découvertes à venir

Projet de modélisation en 4-D du bassin houiller du Nord – Pas-de-Calais : des tables de verre du musée de Lille à une modélisation géométrique et tectonique par ordinateur

International audienceThe dynamics of mountain belt front results from interaction between deformation processes (tectonics) that create relief, and surface processes (erosion, sedimentation and climate) that destroy them. In the field, it has been studied on recent examples, but also on ancient ones. In this paper, we investigate the Nord-Pas de Calais coal basin, a portion of the northern foreland basin of the Palaeozoic variscan belt, which developed about 300 Myr ago. It represents a field case whose coal mining transformed it into an industrial and societal object that greatly influences the local history. Today, it is located in a reconverting territory whose development is planned for being economically, industrially and ecologically sustainable. To support this approach, it is necessary to improve the scientific knowledge and the understanding of the subsurface, in particular the geometry of the various sedimentary bodies and the faults that affect them. In this paper, we present the first steps of a larger project aimed at synthesizing the numerous geological data available on the basin (drilling, gallery surveys, geophysical imagery) and proposing a modern three-dimensional geological interpretation. The fourth dimension (time) will be implemented through geological cross-section restoration and physical modelling. The challenge is important because this new subsurface model can serve as a scientific support for environmental and energetic discussions that interest the Region (geological and environmental risks, geothermal potential). This will provide a valuable and unprecedented educational tool for regional actors and teachers, enabling them to better communicate about this area where 1.2 million people live.La dynamique d’un front de chaîne de montagnes résulte d’interactions entre les processus de déformation (la tectonique) qui initient les reliefs et les processus de surface (l’érosion, la sédimentation, le climat) qui les détruisent. Souvent étudiée à partir d’exemples naturels récents, cette thématique est peu abordée sur des chaînes de montagnes anciennes. Dans le cadre de cet article, nous nous intéressons au Bassin Houiller du Nord-Pas-de-Calais, bassin d’avant-chaîne localisé au front Nord de la grande chaîne varisque, développée il y a environ 300 Ma. Il s’agit d’un objet géologique dont l’exploitation du charbon en a fait un objet industriel et sociétal singulier qui a façonné l’histoire régionale. Aujourd'hui, il s’agit d’un territoire en reconversion dont le développement s’inscrit dans la durabilité tant industrielle, économique, qu’écologique. Pour soutenir cette démarche, il est nécessaire d’améliorer les connaissances scientifiques et notre compréhension du soussol, notamment la géométrie des différents ensembles sédimentaires et des discontinuités qui les affectent. Dans cet article, nous exposons les premières étapes d’un projet plus vaste visant à reprendre les nombreuses données géologiques disponibles sur le bassin (forages, levés de galerie, imagerie géophysique) et d’en proposer une interprétation géologique intégrée dans un environnement en trois dimensions. La quatrième dimension (le temps) sera abordée par la restauration de coupes géologiques et la construction de modèles expérimentaux. L’enjeu est important car ce nouveau modèle du sous-sol pourra servir de support scientifique de base aux problématiques environnementales et énergétiques discutées en région (risques géologiques et environnementaux « après-mine », potentiel géothermique). Il fournira également un outil pédagogique précieux et inédit aux acteurs du développement régional et aux enseignants, leur permettant de mieux faire connaître ce bassin sur lequel vivent aujourd'hui 1,2 million d’habitants

Malnutrition and epilepsy: a two-way relationship.

International audienceBACKGROUND & AIMS: A link between malnutrition and epilepsy has been suspected for many years. METHODS: Different aspects of the question were studied with a review of previous published data. RESULTS: Several studies performed on animal models or humans highlight the possible adverse effects of malnutrition in the onset of seizures. Protein-energy, electrolyte, vitamin or trace element deficiencies may be involved. Conversely, several determinants of epilepsy could lead to malnutrition: food taboos and social exclusion in developing countries as well as some adverse effects of antiepileptic treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Two different hypotheses exist as a vicious circle: malnutrition predisposing to epilepsy or epilepsy predisposing to malnutrition. A better understanding of these interactions is necessary. In the mean time, malnutrition has to be prevented and treated

Soutien des enseignants et motivation des élèves durant la pandémie de COVID-19 [Teacher support and student motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic]

Cette étude vise à documenter ce qui a été mis en place par les enseignants en matière de transmission de travail scolaire et de maintien du lien social lors de la pandémie de COVID-19 en Belgique francophone ainsi qu’à comprendre les effets sur la motivation des élèves du secondaire ne pouvant plus se rendre à l’école. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’importance du soutien des enseignants et indiquent que les élèves recevant très fréquemment du travail à réaliser, mais n’ayant que peu de contacts avec les enseignants, se sentiraient moins capables de réaliser leur travail scolaire. [This study examines teachers’ methods for assigning schoolwork and maintaining social ties during the COVID-19 pandemic in Frenchspeaking Belgium. It also investigates the effects on motivation in secondary-school students who could not attend school in person. The results highlight the importance of supporting teachers and indicate that students who are frequently assigned schoolwork but have few contacts with teachers feel less capable of accomplishing their work.

Soutien des enseignants et motivation des élèves durant la pandémie de COVID-19

peer reviewe

Pectoral I Block Does Not Improve Postoperative Analgesia After Breast Cancer Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Dual-Centered Controlled Trial.

International audienceBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:General anesthesia for breast surgery may be supplemented by using a regional anesthetic technique. We evaluated the efficacy of the first pectoral nerve block (Pecs I) in treating postoperative pain after breast cancer surgery.METHODS:A randomized, double-blind, dual-centered, placebo-controlled trial was performed. One hundred twenty-eight patients scheduled for unilateral breast cancer surgery were recruited. A multimodal analgesic regimen and surgeon-administered local anesthetic infiltration were used for all patients. Ultrasound-guided Pecs I was performed using bupivacaine or saline. The primary outcome was the patient pain score (numerical rating scale [NRS]) in the recovery unit 30 minutes after admission or just before the morphine administration (NRS ≥4/10). The secondary outcomes were postoperative opioid consumption (ie, in the recovery unit and after 24 hours).RESULTS:During recovery, no significant difference in NRS was observed between the bupivacaine (n = 62, 3.0 [1.0-4.0]) and placebo (n = 65, 3.0 [1.0-5.0]) groups (P = 0.55). However, the NRS was statistically significantly different, although not clinically significant, for patients undergoing major surgeries (mastectomies or tumorectomies with axillary clearance) (n = 29, 3.0 [0.0-4.0] vs 4.0 [2.0-5.0], P = 0.04). Morphine consumption during recovery did not differ (1.5 mg [0.0-6.0 mg] vs 3.0 mg [0.0-6.0 mg], P = 0.20), except in the major surgery subgroup (1.5 mg [0.0-6.0 mg] vs 6.0 mg [0.0-12.0 mg], P = 0.016). Intraoperative sufentanil and cumulative morphine consumption up to 24 hours did not differ between the 2 groups. Three patients experienced complications related to the Pecs I.CONCLUSIONS:Pecs I is not better than a saline placebo in the presence of multimodal analgesia for breast cancer surgery. However, its role in extended (major) breast surgery may warrant further investigation

Peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy is efficacious and safe for refractory gastroparesis: prospective trial with assessment of pyloric function

International audienceBackground Gastroparesis is a functional disorder with a variety of symptoms that is characterized by delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. A recent series of retrospective studies has demonstrated that peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G-POEM) is a promising endoscopic procedure for treating patients with refractory gastroparesis. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of G-POEM.Methods 20 patients with refractory gastroparesis (10 diabetic and 10 nondiabetic) were prospectively included in the trial. Patients were treated by G-POEM after evaluation of pyloric function using an endoscopic functional luminal imaging probe. Clinical responses were evaluated using the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI), and quality of life was assessed using the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders – Quality of Life scale and the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index scores. Gastric emptying was measured using 4-hour scintigraphy before G-POEM and at 3 months.Results Feasibility of the procedure was 100 %. Compared with baseline values, G-POEM significantly improved symptoms (GCSI: 1.3 vs. 3.5; P < 0.001), quality of life, and gastric emptying (T½: 100 vs. 345 minutes, P < 0.001; %H2: 56.0 % vs. 81.5 %, P < 0.001; %H4: 15.0 % vs. 57.5 %, P = 0.003) at 3 months. The clinical success of G-POEM using the functional imaging probe inflated to 50 mL had specificity of 100 % and sensitivity of 72.2 % (P = 0.04; 95 % confidence interval 0.51 – 0.94; area under the curve 0.72) at a distensibility threshold of 9.2 mm2/mmHg.Conclusion G-POEM was efficacious and safe for treating refractory gastroparesis, especially in patients with low pyloric distensibility