Formas y culturas antiguas y modernas de los conflictos rurales (siglos XIX-XX)

Este articulo pone de manifiesto la relación existente entre las pautas antiguas de conflicto rural, profundamente arraigadas en la sociedad rural italiana, y el surgimiento de nuevas formas de asociacionismo sindical y politico. Este comportamiento se afianza entre la crisis agraria de finales del siglo XIX y la primera Guerra Mundial, y constituye un factor decisivo de modernización. Los ejemplos propuestos intentan mostrar un modelo interpretativo en el que esos dos elementos no se contraponen sino que conviven y se relacionan recíprocamente.This article presents the relations observed between ancient patterns of rural disputes, deeply established in the Italian rural society, and emerging modem patterns of political and union association. It particularly occurs between the agrarian crisis happened at the end of Ihe 19th century and the first war world and, also, is a decisive factor of modernization. The examples reported attempt to show a model in which both patterns are not in contrast but coexist and are connected reciprocally

Il proletariato agricolo della valle del Po: problemi di ricerca e di comparazione

This essay analyses some interpretation problems related to the history of agricultural proletariat -farm labourers and wage earners- from the Vale of Po. A history which has played an essential role in the course of Italian syndicalism and socialism from the eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. The author states some of the most outstanding differences observed in that region; above all, those concerned with agrarian changes, working relations and the cultural identity of peasant and working classes. Finally, the Padanian case is compared with other agricultural working realities observed in Europe. Furthermore, their development in a proposal of contrastive history, somehow schematic and provisional, is discussed.II saggio propone alcuni problemi di interpretazione relativi alla storia del proletariato agricolo della valle del Po (braccianti avventizi e salariati a impiego annuo), una sotira che dalla seconda meta dell`Ouocento agli anni cinquanta del Novecento ha un ruolo centrale nella vicenda del sindacalismo e del socialismo italiano. Vengono indicate aIcune grandi differenze all`interno della valle del Po, soprattutto in relazione alle transformazioni agricole, ai rapporti di lavoro, alle culture contadine e bracciantili. Infine, il caso padano e messo a confronto con altre realtá di lavoro agricolo dipendente in Europa, in una proposta di comparazione ancora schematica e provvisoria, finalizzata allo svilupparsi del confronto e della discussione

“Imperfetto perfettismo”: le riforme costituzionali nell’Italia del secondo dopoguerra. Intervista a Guido Crainz

Lo storico Guido Crainz, nell’intervista rilasciata a Diacronie. Studi di Storia contemporanea il 3 agosto 2016, esplora gli aspetti più importanti del dibattito sulle revisioni costituzionali nel secondo dopoguerra analizzando le premesse politiche alla base delle proposte correttive, i tentativi di modifica, gli esiti delle riforme attuate, in una prospettiva di comparazione storica delle fasi e delle caratteristiche del percorso di consolidamento e sviluppo delle istituzioni repubblicane.In the interview sent to Diacronie. Studi di Storia contemporanea on 3rd August 2016, the historian Guido Crainz explores the most important aspects of the debate on the constitutional revisions after the Second World-War by analyzing the politic premises which lays on the base of the proposed corrections, the modification attemps, the outcome of the reform, from a point of view of historical comparation of the phases and features of the consolidation and development routes of the republican institutions

Flexibility Services to Minimize the Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels. A Case Study in a Mediterranean Small Island

The design of multi-carrier energy systems (MES) has become increasingly important in the last decades, due to the need to move towards more efficient, flexible and reliable power systems. In a MES, electricity, heating, cooling, water and other resources interact at various levels, in order to get optimized operation. The aim of this study is to identify the optimal combination of components, their optimal sizes and operating schedule allowing minimizing the annual cost for meeting the energy demand of Pantelleria, a Mediterranean island. Starting from the existing energy system (comprising diesel generators, desalination plant, freshwater storage, heat pumps and domestic hot water storages) the installation of solar resources (photovoltaic and solar thermal) and electrical storage were considered. In this way, the optimal scheduling of storage units injections, water desalination operation and domestic hot water production was deduced. An energy hub model was implemented using MATLAB to represent the problem. All equations in the model are linear functions, and variables are real or integer. Thus, a mixed integer linear programming algorithm was used for the solution of the optimization problem. Results prove that the method allows a strong reduction of operating costs of diesel generators also in the existing configuration

A new interlocking dynamic compression nail for tibial shaft fractures

The Clos tibial nail is a cannulated cylindrical nail that permits static, dynamic as well as incompression mounting by the insertion of locking screws into distal and proximal holes. From September 1998 to March 1999 we treated 16 tibial shaft fractures with CLOS tibial nails. All fractures were managed with calcanear traction, closed reduction, reaming and fixation. Patients were followed for at least 1 year. The mean time to full weight bearing was 11 (10–14) weeks. There were no cases of delayed union or dynamization. All patients returned to their previous activity levels

L'itinéraire religieux de Zinaida Hippius

Alessandra Crainz, The religious itinerary of Zinaida Hippius. The religious itinerary of Zinaida Hippius connected with revival of interest for religion in Russia at the end of the nineteenth century, acquires a mystic aspect reflected by her poetry. It lead to the creation of Religious philosophy meetings which she contributed to found. Christianity played an essential part in her conception of the world. She saw in it an absolutely positive force that had totally changed the perspectives of humanity. Nevertheless, the attitude of Hippius towards Church was a critical one because she coasidcred that historical Church could not incarnate universal Christianity. It is only the lacerations of the war and of the October revolution that modified her attitude in this respect. Faced with the suffering of what she viewed as the martyred Church, she considered that all criticism should be abolished and unconditional support given to religion.Alessandra Crainz, L'itinéraire religieux de Zinaida Hippius. L'itinéraire religieux de Z. Hippius - lié à la renaissance de l'intérêt pour la religion en Russie à la fin du XIXe siècle - prend une allure mystique qui se reflète dans sa poésie et aboutit à la création des Réunions de philosophie religieuse, dont la poétesse est un des fondateurs. Le christianisme joue un rôle fondamental dans sa conception du monde : elle le conçoit comme une force absolument positive qui a totalement changé les perspectives de l'humanité. L'altitude de Hippius à l'égard de l'Église est pourtant critique, car elle considère que l'Église historique ne peut pas incarner un christianisme universel. Seulement la déchirure causée par la guerre et la révolution d'Octobre changera son attitude : face à la souffrance de l'Église martyre - selon elle - il faut cesser toutes critiques et lui donner son appui inconditionnel.Crainz Alessandra. L'itinéraire religieux de Zinaida Hippius. In: Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, vol. 29, n°3-4, Juillet-Décembre 1988. Le christianisme russe entre millénarisme d'hier et soif spirituelle d'aujourd'hui. pp. 447-454