Using Intelligent Agents to Build E-Business Software

Agent architectures are gaining popularity for building open, distributed, and evolving software required by e-commerce applications. Unfortunately, despite considerable work in software architecture during the last decade, few research efforts have aimed at truly defining patterns and languages for agent architectural design. This paper proposes a modern approach based on organizational structures and architectural description languages to define and specify agent architectures notably in the case of e-commerce system design

Combining Model-Based Design (MBD) and Model-Based Testing (MBT) for early validation of embedded real-time systems

International audienceThis paper describes an approach combining Model-Based Engineering (MBE) and Model-Based Testing, and its application to requirements validation for an embedded Instrumentation & Control (I&C) system. Many aspects of the embedded system can thus be validated early in the lifecycle, long before an actual implementation is developed, and, most importantly, requirements can be validated before the system is implemented. A flexible integration environment makes it possible to reuse the test cases throughout the lifecycle. This approach is being implemented in the CONNEXION R&D project, using Esterel Technologies’ SCADE Suite and All4tec’s MaTeLo, with Corys’ ALICES as an integration environment

All Detectable High-Molecular-Mass Penicillin-Binding Proteins Are Modified in a High-Level β-Lactam-Resistant Clinical Isolate of Streptococcus mitis

All detectable high-molecular-mass penicillin-binding proteins (HMM PBPs) are altered in a clinical isolate of Streptococcus mitis for which the b-lactam MICs are increased from those previously reported in our region (cefotaxime MIC, 64 mg/ml). These proteins were hardly detected at concentrations that saturate all PBPs in clinical isolates and showed, after densitometric analysis, 50-fold-lower radiotracer binding. Resistance was related to mosaic structure in all HMM PBP-coding genes, where critical region replacement was complemented not only by substitutions already reported for the closely related Streptococcus pneumoniae but also by other specific replacements that are presumably close to the active-site serine. Mosaic structure was also presumed in a pbp1a-sensitive strain used for comparison, confirming that these structures do not unambiguously imply, by themselves, detectable critical changes in the kinetic properties of these proteins.Fil: Amoroso, Ana Maria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Demares, Diego. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Mollerach, Marta Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Coyette, Jacques. Université de Liège; Bélgic

Active-site-serine D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving-peptidase-catalysed acyl-transfer reactions. Procedures for studying the penicillin-binding proteins of bacterial plasma membranes

Under certain conditions, the values of the parameters that govern the interactions between the active-site-serine D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving peptidases and both carbonyl-donor substrates and beta-lactam suicide substrates can be determined on the basis of the amounts of (serine ester-linked) acyl-protein formed during the reactions. Expressing the 'affinity' of a beta-lactam compound for a DD-peptidase in terms of second-order rate constant of enzyme acylation and first-order rate constant of acyl-enzyme breakdown rests upon specific features of the interaction (at a given temperature) and permits study of structure-activity relationships, analysis of the mechanism of intrinsic resistance and use of a 'specificity index' to define the capacity of a beta-lactam compound of discriminating between various sensitive enzymes. From knowledge of the first-order rate constant of acyl-enzyme breakdown and the given time of incubation, the beta-lactam compound concentrations that are necessary to achieve given extents of DD-peptidase inactivation can be converted into the second-order rate constant of enzyme acylation. The principles thus developed can be applied to the study of the multiple penicillin-binding proteins that occur in the plasma membranes of bacteria

Les dispositifs de professionnalisation des formations universitaires en communication

Dans cet article, nous développons une réflexion sur la professionnalisation de la formation universitaire en communication. Après avoir exposé les différentes significations possibles pour la notion de professionnalisation ainsi que les dispositifs pédagogiques s’y référant, nous faisons état de la situation en Belgique, en France ainsi qu’au Canada. Nous dégageons ensuite une série d’enjeux que nous abordons au travers du récit de notre propre dispositif d’enseignement. Le récit retrace la mise en place d’un séminaire de communication interne interactif dans lequel des étudiants canadiens, français et belges collaborent pour la résolution d’un audit de communication interne fictif. Au final, en prenant appui sur le cadre théorique de Wittorski (2012),  notre article se clôture par une discussion sur les plus-values et les limites d’un tel projet tant pour les étudiants que pour les enseignants. Nous concluons que notre dispositif de formation que nous qualifions de « pédagogie active » est en adéquation avec les attentes et recommandations des associations professionnelles. Parallèlement, il préserve chez eux le développement de compétences universitaires. Les étudiants sont notamment amenés à accroître leur savoir-faire tout en élaborant une réflexion critique sur leurs pratiques professionnelles

Solubilization and isolation of the membrane-bound DD-carboxypeptidase of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC9790. Properties of the purified enzyme

Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 possesses six membrane-bound, penicillin-binding proteins. That numbered 6 (Mr 43000) is the most abundant one and is the DD-carboxypeptidase studied previously. The enzyme has been solubilized and purified to the stage where one single protein band can be detected by gel electrophoresis. The purification procedure does not alter the properties that the enzyme exhibits when it is membrane-bound. The DD-carboxypeptidase itself may be a killing target for penicillin in S. faecalis

The Behavioral and Cognitive Executive Disorders of Stroke: The GREFEX Study.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have highlighted the high prevalence of executive disorders in stroke. However, major uncertainties remain due to use of variable and non-validated methods. The objectives of this study were: 1) to characterize the executive disorder profile in stroke using a standardized battery, validated diagnosis criteria of executive disorders and validated framework for the interpretation of neuropsychological data and 2) examine the sensitivity of the harmonization standards protocol proposed by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Canadian Stroke Network (NINDS-CSN) for the diagnosis of Vascular Cognitive Impairment. METHODS: 237 patients (infarct: 57; cerebral hemorrhage: 54; ruptured aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA): 80; cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT): 46) were examined by using the GREFEX battery. The patients' test results were interpreted with a validated framework derived from normative data from 780 controls. RESULTS: Dysexecutive syndrome was observed in 88 (55.7%; 95%CI: 48-63.4) out of the 156 patients with full cognitive and behavioral data: 40 (45.5%) had combined behavioral and cognitive syndromes, 29 (33%) had a behavioral disorder alone and 19 (21.6%) had a cognitive syndrome alone. The dysexecutive profile was characterized by prominent impairments of initiation and generation in the cognitive domain and by hypoactivity with disinterest and anticipation loss in the behavioral domain. Cognitive impairment was more frequent (p = 0.014) in hemorrhage and behavioral disorders were more frequent (p = 0.004) in infarct and hemorrhage. The harmonization standards protocol underestimated (p = 0.007) executive disorders in CVT or ACoA. CONCLUSIONS: This profile of executive disorders implies that the assessment should include both cognitive tests and a validated inventory for behavioral dysexecutive syndrome. Initial assessment may be performed with a short cognitive battery, such as the harmonization standards protocol. However, administration of a full cognitive battery is required in selected patients

Figures et dynamiques de la professionnalisation des communicateurs

Cette recherche menée dans l’espace francophone commun à la Belgique, à la France et au Canada analyse les dynamiques de professionnalisation et identifie les discours et actions performatives qui participent à construire une « figure » du communicateur professionnel. L’analyse inductive d’entrevues auprès de dix-sept représentants actuels et passés de neuf associations professionnelles circonscrit trois formes que prend la figure du professionnel en communication : les valeurs (éthos), les actions (praxis) et les objets (artéfacts). La mise en relation des éléments qui composent ces formes permet d’identifier trois tensions : 1) l’aspiration à une professionnalisation déontique et stratégique pas toujours réalisée; 2) l’idéal véhiculé par les associations et une constante polarisation vers la tâche des professionnels; 3) un apparent débalancement entre les artéfacts normatifs et leur réelle performativité dans la praxis et dans l’éthos. Enfin, même si elle n’offre pas d’explication à ces tensions, cette recherche propose un outil méthodologique qui pourrait servir d’outil d’aide à la mise en place d’une politique professionnelle associative