14,024 research outputs found
Strong electron correlations in cobalt valence tautomers
We have examined cobalt based valence tautomer molecules such as
Co(SQ)(phen) using density functional theory (DFT) and variational
configuration interaction (VCI) approaches based upon a model Hamiltonian. Our
DFT results extend earlier work by finding a reduced total energy gap (order
0.6 eV) between high temperature and low temperature states when we fully relax
the coordinates (relative to experimental ones). Futhermore we demonstrate that
the charge transfer picture based upon formal valence arguments succeeds
qualitatively while failing quantitatively due to strong covalency between the
Co 3 orbitals and ligand orbitals. With the VCI approach, we argue that
the high temperature, high spin phase is strongly mixed valent, with about 30 %
admixture of Co(III) into the predominantly Co(II) ground state. We confirm
this mixed valence through a fit to the XANES spectra. Moreover, the strong
electron correlations of the mixed valent phase provide an energy lowering of
about 0.2-0.3 eV of the high temperature phase relative to the low temperature
one. Finally, we use the domain model to account for the extraordinarily large
entropy and enthalpy values associated with the transition.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to J. Chem. Phy
The Effect of Physiological Cyclic Stretch on the Cell Morphology, Cell Orientation and Protein Expression of Endothelial Cells
In vivo, endothelial cells are constantly exposed to pulsatile shear and tensile stresses. The main aim of this study was to design and build a physiological simulator, which reproduced homogenous strain profiles of the tensile strain experienced in vivo, and to investigate the effect of this cyclic tensile strain on the cell morphology, cell orientation and protein expression of endothelial cells. The biological response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to a uniaxial cyclic stretch, in this newly developed simulator, was examined experimentally using immunohistostaining and confocal imaging and it was
found that the cells elongated and oriented at 58.9± 4.5. This value was compared to a mathematical model where it was revealed that endothelial cells would orient at an angle of 60. This model also revealed that endothelial cells have an axial strain threshold value of 1.8% when exposed to a 10% cyclic strain at 1 Hz for 3 h. Cells cultured under conditions of cyclic strain showed increased ICAM-1 immunostaining when compared to static cells whereas, a marked decrease in the levels of VCAM-1 receptor staining was also observed. Haemodynamic stresses can modulate the endothelial cell adhesion response in vivo thus, taken together; this data validates the bioreactor as replicating the physiological environment
Dynamics of disordered heavy Fermion systems
Dynamics of the disordered heavy Fermion model of Dobrosavljevic et al. are
calculated using an expression for the spectral function of the Anderson model
which is consistent with quantum Monte Carlo results. We compute the
self-energy for three distributions of Kondo scales including the distribution
of Bernal et al. for UCu{5-x}Pd{x}. The corresponding low temperature optical
conductivity shows a low-frequency pseudogap, a negative optical mass
enhancement, and a linear in frequency transport scattering rate, consistent
with results in Y{1-x}U{x}Pd{3} and UCu{5-x}Pd{x}.Comment: 5 pages, LaTeX and 4 PS figure
Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner instrument anomaly investigation
The results of an ad-hoc committee investigation of in-Earth orbit operational anomalies noted on two identical Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) Scanner instruments on two different spacecraft busses is presented. The anomalies are attributed to the bearings and the lubrication scheme for the bearings. A detailed discussion of the pertinent instrument operations, the approach of the investigation team and the current status of the instruments now in Earth orbit is included. The team considered operational changes for these instruments, rework possibilities for the one instrument which is waiting to be launched, and preferable lubrication considerations for specific space operational requirements similar to those for the ERBE scanner bearings
Mapping 6D N = 1 supergravities to F-theory
We develop a systematic framework for realizing general anomaly-free chiral
6D supergravity theories in F-theory. We focus on 6D (1, 0) models with one
tensor multiplet whose gauge group is a product of simple factors (modulo a
finite abelian group) with matter in arbitrary representations. Such theories
can be decomposed into blocks associated with the simple factors in the gauge
group; each block depends only on the group factor and the matter charged under
it. All 6D chiral supergravity models can be constructed by gluing such blocks
together in accordance with constraints from anomalies. Associating a geometric
structure to each block gives a dictionary for translating a supergravity model
into a set of topological data for an F-theory construction. We construct the
dictionary of F-theory divisors explicitly for some simple gauge group factors
and associated matter representations. Using these building blocks we analyze a
variety of models. We identify some 6D supergravity models which do not map to
integral F-theory divisors, possibly indicating quantum inconsistency of these
6D theories.Comment: 37 pages, no figures; v2: references added, minor typos corrected;
v3: minor corrections to DOF counting in section
Static Pressure of Hot Gas: Its Effect on the Gas Disks of Galaxies
The static pressure of the hot gas that fills clusters and groups of galaxies
can affect significantly the volume density and thickness of the gas disks in
galaxies. In combination with the dynamic pressure, the static pressure allows
several observed peculiarities of spiral galaxies surrounded by a hot medium to
be explained.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures. This is a slightly modified version of the paper
published in Astronomy Letters 2008, Vol. 34, No 11, p. 73
Recent changes of the Earth's core derived from satellite observations of magnetic and gravity fields
International audienceTo understand the dynamics of the Earth's fluid, iron-rich outer core, only indirect observations are available. The Earth's magnetic field, originating mainly within the core, and its temporal variations can be used to infer the fluid motion at the top of the core, on a decadal and subdecadal timescale. Gravity variations resulting from changes in the mass distribution within the Earth may also occur on the same timescales. Such variations include the signature of the flow inside the core, though they are largely dominated by the water cycle contributions. Our study is based on 8 y of high-resolution, high-accuracy magnetic and gravity satellite data, provided by the CHAMP and GRACE missions. From the newly derived geomagnetic models we have computed the core magnetic field, its temporal variations, and the core flow evolution. From the GRACE CNES/GRGS series of time variable geoid models, we have obtained interannual gravity models by using specifically designed postprocessing techniques. A correlation analysis between the magnetic and gravity series has demonstrated that the interannual changes in the second time derivative of the core magnetic field under a region from the Atlantic to Indian Ocean coincide in phase with changes in the gravity field. The order of magnitude of these changes and proposed correlation are plausible, compatible with a core origin; however, a complete theoretical model remains to be built. Our new results and their broad geophysical significance could be considered when planning new Earth observation space missions and devising more sophisticated Earth's interior models. Earth's interior ∣ core dynamic
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