2,189 research outputs found
Invalid party wall awards and how to avoid them
Considers the reasons for the invalidity of party wall awards. Examines decided cases under earlier party wall legislation in the context of the Party Wall etc. Act 1996. Explains invalidity on the basis of an excess of the surveyorsâ statutory authority. Defines this authority in terms of jurisdiction and power. Demonstrates the limits of the surveyorsâ authority and emphasises the importance of strict compliance with statutory procedures. Concludes that surveyors should adopt an inquisitive and analytical approach to the scope of their authority to avoid the possibility of invalid awards. Echoes John Ansteyâs earlier warning that surveyors should avoid a broad-brush approach to their duties which will only leave them âcovered in sootâ
An evaluation of the significance of 'scars of parturition' in the Christ Church Spitalfields sample
The relationship between the preauricular sulcus
and pitting on the dorsal aspect of the pubic corpus in
association with pregnancy and parturition has aroused
considerable interest since the early 1970's. The major
limitation of much of the discussion is that it has been
based on data derived from skeletal samples with either
unknown or uncertain obstetric histories.
The excavation of the crypts beneath Christ
Church, Spitalfields between 1984 and 1986 produced 968
skeletons, 387 of which were recovered in association with
securely associated, legible coffin plates. Of the 138
adult females in this sample the parity status of 94 has
been reconstructed from historical documentation.
Such obstetric factors as parity status, number of
births, age at first and last births and birth spacing
have been examined in relation to the presence or absence
of the preauricular sulcus, its type and size, pubic
pitting, sacral scarring and the extension of the pubic
tubercle.
The results suggest that the preauricular sulcus
and sacral scarring are independent of obstetric events
and that although the small numbers of females with more
than one pubic pit or an extended pubic tubercle had born
children, the absence of these features is associated with
both parous and nulliparous females.
Unlike previous studies, both localised cortical
resorption and tubercle extension were evaluated as a
component part of the obstetric pelvis. The more capacious
pelvis proved to be associated with wider and longer
preauricular sulci and with the presence of pubic pitting.
In order to facilitate comparative studies the
Christ Church females are described as part of the sample
from which they are derived. Their environmental and
cultural backgrounds are discussed
Uniaxial compression of single crystal and polycrystalline tantalum
A series of compression experiments characterising the elastic-plastic response of single crystal and polycrystalline tantalum from quasi-static to intermediate strain-rates (10^â3 â 10^3 sâ1) over a range of temperatures (233â438âŻK) are reported in this paper. The single crystal experiments show significant differences in the response of the three principle crystal orientations of tantalum in terms of yield, work hardening and ultimate deformed shapes. Modelling is undertaken using a dislocation mechanics based crystal plasticity finite element model giving insight into the underlying microscopic processes that govern the macroscopic response. The simulations show the importance of the dislocation mobility relations and laws governing the evolution of the mobile dislocation density for capturing the correct behaviours. The inclusion of the twinning/anti-twinning asymmetry is found to influence [100] orientation most strongly, and is shown to be critical for matching the relative yield strengths. In general the simulations are able to adequately match experimental trends although some specific details such as exact strain hardening evolution are not reproduced suggesting a more complex hardening model is required. 3D finite element simulations approximating the tests are also undertaken and are able to predict the final deformed sample shapes well once the twinning/anti-twinning asymmetry is included (particularly for the [100] orientation). The polycrystalline data in both as-received and cold rolled conditions shows the initial yield strength is highest and work hardening rate is lowest for the cold-rolled material due to the increase in mobile dislocation density caused by the prior work. The general behavioural trends with temperature and strain-rate of the polycrystalline materials are reproduced in the single crystal data however the specific form of stress versus strain curves are significantly different. This is discussed in terms of the similar active slip systems in polycrystalline material to high symmetry single crystals but with the significant added effect of grain boundary interactions
The complications of âhiring a hubbyâ: gender relations and the commoditisation of home maintenance in New Zealand
This paper examines the commoditization of traditionally male domestic tasks through interviews with handymen who own franchises in the company âHire a Hubbyâ in New Zealand and homeowners who have paid for home repair tasks to be done. Discussions of the commoditization of traditionally female tasks in the home have revealed the emotional conflicts of paying others to care as well as the exploitative and degrading conditions that often arise when work takes place behind closed doors. By examining the working conditions and relationships involved when traditionally male tasks are paid for, this paper raises important questions about the valuing of reproductive labour and the production of gendered identities. The paper argues that while working conditions and rates of pay for âhubbiesâ are better than those for people undertaking commoditized forms of traditionally female domestic labour, the negotiation of this work is still complex and implicated in gendered relations and identities. Working on the home was described by interviewees as an expression of care for family and a performance of the ârightâ way to be a âKiwi blokeâ and a father. Paying others to do this labour can imply a failure in a duty of care and in the performance of masculinity
Orbital and Mass Constraints of the Young Binary System IRAS 16293-2422 A
We present 3 mm ALMA continuum and line observations at resolutions of 6.5 au and 13 au, respectively, toward the Class 0 system IRAS 16293-2422 A. The continuum observations reveal two compact sources toward IRAS 16293-2422 A, coinciding with compact ionized gas emission previously observed at radio wavelengths (A1 and A2), confirming the long-known radio sources as protostellar. The emission toward A2 is resolved and traces a dust disk with an FWHM size of ~12 au, while the emission toward A1 sets a limit to the FWHM size of the dust disk of ~4 au. We also detect spatially resolved molecular kinematic tracers near the protostellar disks. Several lines of the J = 5 124 rotational transition of HNCO, NH2CHO, and t-HCOOH are detected, with which we derived individual line-of-sight velocities. Using these together with the CS (J = 2 121), we fit Keplerian profiles toward the individual compact sources and derive masses of the central protostars. The kinematic analysis indicates that A1 and A2 are a bound binary system. Using this new context for the previous 30 yr of Very Large Array observations, we fit orbital parameters to the relative motion between A1 and A2 and find that the combined protostellar mass derived from the orbit is consistent with the masses derived from the gas kinematics. Both estimations indicate masses consistently higher (0.5 lesssim M 1 lesssim M 2 lesssim 2 ) than previous estimations using lower-resolution observations of the gas kinematics. The ALMA high-resolution data provides a unique insight into the gas kinematics and masses of a young deeply embedded bound binary system
Quantum impurity solvers using a slave rotor representation
We introduce a representation of electron operators as a product of a
spin-carry ing fermion and of a phase variable dual to the total charge (slave
quantum rotor). Based on this representation, a new method is proposed for
solving multi-orbital Anderson quantum impurity models at finite interaction
strength U. It consists in a set of coupled integral equations for the
auxiliary field Green's functions, which can be derived from a controlled
saddle-point in the limit of a large number of field components. In contrast to
some finite-U extensions of the non-crossing approximation, the new method
provides a smooth interpolation between the atomic limit and the weak-coupling
limit, and does not display violation of causality at low-frequency. We
demonstrate that this impurity solver can be applied in the context of
Dynamical Mean-Field Theory, at or close to half-filling. Good agreement with
established results on the Mott transition is found, and large values of the
orbital degeneracy can be investigated at low computational cost.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figure
Spreading Dynamics of Polymer Nanodroplets
The spreading of polymer droplets is studied using molecular dynamics
simulations. To study the dynamics of both the precursor foot and the bulk
droplet, large drops of ~200,000 monomers are simulated using a bead-spring
model for polymers of chain length 10, 20, and 40 monomers per chain. We
compare spreading on flat and atomistic surfaces, chain length effects, and
different applications of the Langevin and dissipative particle dynamics
thermostats. We find diffusive behavior for the precursor foot and good
agreement with the molecular kinetic model of droplet spreading using both flat
and atomistic surfaces. Despite the large system size and long simulation time
relative to previous simulations, we find no evidence of hydrodynamic behavior
in the spreading droplet.Comment: Physical Review E 11 pages 10 figure
On the Testing of Seismicity Models
Recently a likelihood-based methodology has been developed by the
Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP) with a view to
testing and ranking seismicity models. We analyze this approach from the
standpoint of possible applications to hazard analysis. We arrive at the
conclusion that model testing can be made more efficient by focusing on some
integral characteristics of the seismicity distribution. This is achieved
either in the likelihood framework but with economical and physically
reasonable coarsening of the phase space or by choosing a suitable measure of
closeness between empirical and model seismicity rate in this space.Comment: To appear at Acta Geophysic
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