35,892 research outputs found
The Spaceborne Global Climate Observing Center (SGCOC): Executive summary
Conceptual planning of the Spaceborne portion of the Global Climate Observing Systems (SGCOS) is reviewed. Fundamentals of the SGCOS are summarized
Anomalous aging phenomena caused by drift velocities
We demonstrate via several examples that a uniform drift velocity gives rise
to anomalous aging, characterized by a specific form for the two-time
correlation functions, in a variety of statistical-mechanical systems far from
equilibrium. Our first example concerns the oscillatory phase observed recently
in a model of competitive learning. Further examples, where the proposed theory
is exact, include the voter model and the Ohta-Jasnow-Kawasaki theory for
domain growth in any dimension, and a theory for the smoothing of sandpile
surfaces.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Europhysics Letter
Near-Field Scanning Microwave Microscopy in the Single Photon Regime
The microwave properties of nano-scale structures are important in a wide
variety of applications in quantum technology. Here we describe a low-power
cryogenic near-field scanning microwave microscope (NSMM) which maintains
nano-scale dielectric contrast down to the single microwave photon regime, up
to times lower power than in typical NSMMs. We discuss the remaining
challenges towards developing nano-scale NSMM for quantum coherent interaction
with two-level systems as an enabling tool for the development of quantum
technologies in the microwave regime
A Bayesian Analogue of Gleason's Theorem
We introduce a novel notion of probability within quantum history theories
and give a Gleasonesque proof for these assignments. This involves introducing
a tentative novel axiom of probability. We also discuss how we are to interpret
these generalised probabilities as partially ordered notions of preference and
we introduce a tentative generalised notion of Shannon entropy. A Bayesian
approach to probability theory is adopted throughout, thus the axioms we use
will be minimal criteria of rationality rather than ad hoc mathematical axioms.Comment: 14 pages, v2: minor stylistic changes, v3: changes made in-line with
to-be-published versio
On the Adjoint Operator in Photoacoustic Tomography
Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT) is an emerging biomedical "imaging from
coupled physics" technique, in which the image contrast is due to optical
absorption, but the information is carried to the surface of the tissue as
ultrasound pulses. Many algorithms and formulae for PAT image reconstruction
have been proposed for the case when a complete data set is available. In many
practical imaging scenarios, however, it is not possible to obtain the full
data, or the data may be sub-sampled for faster data acquisition. In such
cases, image reconstruction algorithms that can incorporate prior knowledge to
ameliorate the loss of data are required. Hence, recently there has been an
increased interest in using variational image reconstruction. A crucial
ingredient for the application of these techniques is the adjoint of the PAT
forward operator, which is described in this article from physical, theoretical
and numerical perspectives. First, a simple mathematical derivation of the
adjoint of the PAT forward operator in the continuous framework is presented.
Then, an efficient numerical implementation of the adjoint using a k-space time
domain wave propagation model is described and illustrated in the context of
variational PAT image reconstruction, on both 2D and 3D examples including
inhomogeneous sound speed. The principal advantage of this analytical adjoint
over an algebraic adjoint (obtained by taking the direct adjoint of the
particular numerical forward scheme used) is that it can be implemented using
currently available fast wave propagation solvers.Comment: submitted to "Inverse Problems
Consistency of the Shannon entropy in quantum experiments
The consistency of the Shannon entropy, when applied to outcomes of quantum
experiments, is analysed. It is shown that the Shannon entropy is fully
consistent and its properties are never violated in quantum settings, but
attention must be paid to logical and experimental contexts. This last remark
is shown to apply regardless of the quantum or classical nature of the
experiments.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX2e/REVTeX4. V5: slightly different than the published
versio
Size and emotion or depth and emotion? Evidence, using Matryoshka (Russian) dolls, of children using physical depth as a proxy for emotional charge
Background: The size and emotion effect is the tendency for children to draw people and other objects with a positive emotional charge larger than those with a negative or neutral charge. Here we explored the novel idea that drawing size might be acting as a proxy for depth (proximity).Methods: Forty-two children (aged 3-11 years) chose, from 2 sets of Matryoshka (Russian) dolls, a doll to represent a person with positive, negative or neutral charge, which they placed in front of themselves on a sheet of A3 paper. Results: We found that the children used proximity and doll size, to indicate emotional charge. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with the notion that in drawings, children are using size as a proxy for physical closeness (proximity), as they attempt with varying success to put positive charged items closer to, or negative and neutral charge items further away from, themselves
Models of competitive learning: complex dynamics, intermittent conversions and oscillatory coarsening
We present two models of competitive learning, which are respectively
interfacial and cooperative learning. This learning is outcome-related, so that
spatially and temporally local environments influence the conversion of a given
site between one of two different types. We focus here on the behavior of the
models at coexistence, which yields new critical behavior and the existence of
a phase involving a novel type of coarsening which is oscillatory in nature.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev.
Seidel elements and mirror transformations
The goal of this article is to give a precise relation between the mirror
symmetry transformation of Givental and the Seidel elements for a smooth
projective toric variety with nef. We show that the Seidel elements
entirely determine the mirror transformation and mirror coordinates.Comment: 36 pages. We corrected several issues as pointed out by the refere
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