The Impact of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder on Recurrent Violent Behavior among African American Males

African American men in their late teens to early 20s account for nearly half the victims of violent crimes. This mixed methods social epidemiological study was designed to identify the social determinants of violence as described by a purposive sample of young adult African American men (n=353) who have experience as a victim or witness to any type of violence to determine the impact post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms have on recurrent violent injury. The pathways to recurrence model shaped the theoretical framework of this study. Quantitative data were collected using the Past Feelings and Acts of Violence (PFAV) instrument and the PTSD checklist civilian version (PCL-C). Logistic regression and Pearson correlation analysis techniques were used to examine correlations between the variables. The results showed that with higher levels of past violent behaviors there is an increase in PTSD symptoms. Qualitative data regarding exposure to and experiences with violence were collected from a subgroup of participants using open-ended, semistructured interviews (n=5) that were later analyzed using a phenomenological approach. Weapon-carrying, living in urban settings, and gang presence were themes identified by those interviewed as being related to recurrent injury. These findings will encourage social change by stimulating new strategies aimed at long-range systems changes by those who shape policies and influence community investment and engagement in resource -poor communities where violence is prevalent. More research is needed to determine if early identification and treatment for PTSD among African American men who have been exposed to violence may reduce the incidence of future violence and injury

Profitable canola production in the northern grainbelt of Western Australia 2001

Canola is a member of the Brassicaceae family that also includes mustard, turnip, wild radish, cauliflower, cabbage and broccoli. It is a winter growing oilseed that can be produced in most arable areas of Australia where winter crops are currently grown. Originally known as rapeseed using the varieties B. campestris, the varieties of B. napus have almost completely replaced this earlier variety in all the areas where the crop is grown. The swing to B. napus varieties was due to their superior yields, resistance to blackleg and better quality oil and meal. Canola can be grown on a wide variety of soil types, and is best in areas where spring rains are reliable and high in order to allow it to reach maximum potential yield. It is not as drought tolerant as wheat, thus requiring good conserved moisture or good finishing rains. Canola requires an average annual rainfall of at least 450 mm, however experience has shown that the crop can be viable in areas with an annual rainfall down to less than 325 mm.https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/bulletins/1151/thumbnail.jp

Feasibility Assessment of the Reebok CHECKLIGHT™ and King-Devick tests as Screening tools in Youth Football

Background: Concussions are one of the foremost issues in sport, with football having one of the highest incidence rate of injury. Moreover, there is a need to monitor sub-concussive head impacts because they do not initiate further assessment which may increase an athlete’s risk of suffering a brain injury. The purpose of this article is to discuss the viability of use for the Reebok CHECKLIGHT™ system and its correlation to concussive events screening in two levels of football: youth recreation league football (ages 11-13) and high school football (ages 13-18). Results: The Reebok CHECKLIGHT™ system activation did not correlate with the King-Devick score (r=-0.08, p=0.7). There was no difference between the two levels of football in the number of times the lights came on, 1.77 ± 2.05 vs. 1.42 ± 0.79, p=0.57.Limitation: The viability of CHECKLIGHT™ system was limited by threshold issues with the light alert system, light usefulness, set-up, and implementation. Conclusion: The Reebok CHECKLIGHT™ system may be beneficial to individual athletes below the high school level; however, it appears to have limited usefulness for entire teams and/or high school athletes

Feasibility Assessment of the Reebok CHECKLIGHT™ and King-Devick tests as Screening tools in Youth Football

Background: Concussions are one of the foremost issues in sport, with football having one of the highest incidence rate of injury. Moreover, there is a need to monitor sub-concussive head impacts because they do not initiate further assessment which may increase an athlete’s risk of suffering a brain injury. The purpose of this article is to discuss the viability of use for the Reebok CHECKLIGHT™ system and its correlation to concussive events screening in two levels of football: youth recreation league football (ages 11-13) and high school football (ages 13-18). Results: The Reebok CHECKLIGHT™ system activation did not correlate with the King-Devick score (r=-0.08, p=0.7). There was no difference between the two levels of football in the number of times the lights came on, 1.77 ± 2.05 vs. 1.42 ± 0.79, p=0.57.Limitation: The viability of CHECKLIGHT™ system was limited by threshold issues with the light alert system, light usefulness, set-up, and implementation. Conclusion: The Reebok CHECKLIGHT™ system may be beneficial to individual athletes below the high school level; however, it appears to have limited usefulness for entire teams and/or high school athletes

Enhancing the management of anorexia of ageing to counteract malnutrition : are physical activity guidelines optimal?

Funding Information: NJC and SERL receive funding from by The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Participative Decisions and Organizational Commitment: A Quantitative Analysis

William (Bill) H. Sumrall, Ed.D., is associate professor of business administration, Memphis campus, Belhaven College, Memphis, TN, 38137. David W. Cox, Ed.D., is professor of education, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72467. D. Adrian Doss, Ph.D.,is assistant professor of business administration, Memphis campus, Belhaven College, Memphis, TN, 38137. Don W. Jones, M.B.A., M.Div., is enrollment manager, Memphis campus, Belhaven College, Memphis, TN, 38137. Recipient, Best Paper Award, 28th Annual Southern Industrial Relations and Human Resource Conference (SIRHRC), Savannah, GA 31401

The Stargazin-Related Protein {gamma}7 Interacts with the mRNA-Binding Protein Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2 and Regulates the Stability of Specific mRNAs, Including CaV2.2

The role(s) of the novel stargazin-like {gamma}-subunit proteins remain controversial. We have shown previously that the neuron-specific {gamma}7 suppresses the expression of certain calcium channels, particularly CaV2.2, and is therefore unlikely to operate as a calcium channel subunit. We now show that the effect of {gamma}7 on CaV2.2 expression is via an increase in the degradation rate of CaV2.2 mRNA and hence a reduction of CaV2.2 protein level. Furthermore, exogenous expression of {gamma}7 in PC12 cells also decreased the endogenous CaV2.2 mRNA level. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous {gamma}7 with short-hairpin RNAs produced a reciprocal enhancement of CaV2.2 mRNA stability and an increase in endogenous calcium currents in PC12 cells. Moreover, both endogenous and expressed {gamma}7 are present on intracellular membranes, rather than the plasma membrane. The cytoplasmic C terminus of {gamma}7 is essential for all its effects, and we show that {gamma}7 binds directly via its C terminus to a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP A2), which also binds to a motif in CaV2.2 mRNA, and is associated with native CaV2.2 mRNA in PC12 cells. The expression of hnRNP A2 enhances CaV2.2 IBa, and this enhancement is prevented by a concentration of {gamma}7 that alone has no effect on IBa. The effect of {gamma}7 is selective for certain mRNAs because it had no effect on {alpha}2{delta}-2 mRNA stability, but it decreased the mRNA stability for the potassium-chloride cotransporter, KCC1, which contains a similar hnRNP A2 binding motif to that in CaV2.2 mRNA. Our results indicate that {gamma}7 plays a role in stabilizing CaV2.2 mRNA