Adam Smith on public expenditure and taxation

This paper presents Adam Smith’s view on taxation and public expenditure, by means of an almost literal reading of the Wealth of Nations famous passages on the "duties of the sovereign" and on the "maxims of taxation". Contrarily to the commonest usage of these passages, we will show that their core is the preoccupation with the public expenditure soaring and the defence of decentralisation. Furthermore and also contrarily to the existing interpretations we defend the non-existence of any contradiction between Smith’s income and price theory (and the incidence hypothesis), provided due attention is paid to the guiding role of the "maxims".Adam Smith, taxation, public expenditure

Fermion masses in a model for spontaneous parity breaking

In this paper we discuss a left-right symmetric model for elementary particles and their connection with the mass spectrum of elementary fermions. The model is based on the group $SU(2)_L\otimes SU(2)_R\otimes U(1)$. New mirror fermions and a minimal set of Higgs particles that breaks the symmetry down to $U(1)_{em}$ are proposed. The model can accommodate a consistent pattern for charged and neutral fermion masses as well as neutrino oscillations. An important consequence of the model is that the connection between the left and right sectors can be done by the neutral vector gauge bosons Z and a new heavy Z'.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Accepted in Eur. Phys. J.

Precisão posicional dos focos de queimadas no Estado de Mato Grosso.

Para estimar a precisão posicional dos pontos de queimadas, fornecidos pelo Inpe e identificados com auxilio das imagens National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) e o Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), foram utilizados diferentes conjuntos de dados de queimadas, obtidos pela internet diretamente do site de queimadas do Inpe (INPE, 2007), imagens do satélite Landsat, composição colorida das bandas R5, G4 e B3, com data de aquisição situada até 30 dias posteriores à ocorrência dos focos de calor. O período máximo de defasagem entre a ocorrência e identificação dos pontos de calor pelo Inpe e a data de aquisição das imagens de satélite, de 30 dias, foi estabelecido com o objetivo de assegurar que as evidências da ocorrência das queimadas identificadas não fossem significativamente alteradas pela ação dos ventos ou das chuvas que transportam, lixiviam ou lavam as cinzas que são depositadas sobre o solo após a ocorrência de uma queimada.bitstream/item/31743/1/ComTec105.pd

Padrões da distribuição espacial de queimadas no Estado de Mato Grosso.

The accelerated rate of land usage and the heightened incidence of fire points as historically seen in the legal Amazon region have reached alarming proportions and have attracted the attention of politicians, environmentalists and society in general. Different policies, strategies and monitoring and control actions have been proposed, with the objective of containing the advance of the agricultural frontier on remanent areas of natural vegetation, more specifically on Humid Tropical Forest areas. The State of Mato Grosso, located in the Legal Amazon Region, presents special characteristics for the understanding of relationships between land use or land cover and the incidence of burns due to the convergence of important environmental diversity and socioeconomic actors. This paper focuses on the dynamics of burns in this state, by identifying some of the principal contributing factors based on spatial-statistical analysis. The results show the existence of different spacial and temporal patterns that influence the occurrence of fires. These patterns point to the limitations of simplistic and generalized adaptation of localized information and burn quantification, whatever their spacial delimitation, for the purpose of elaborating public policies that aim to definitively change ou eradicate the chronic emergency stage of fires occurrence in the Legal Amazon Region in Brazil

Employment of artificial intelligence mechanisms for e-Health systems in order to obtain vital signs improving the processes of online consultations and diagnosis

A large number of web-based e-Health applications have been developed through time, allowing doctors to access different types of functionalities, like knowing which medication the patient has consumed or performing online consultations. Internet systems for healthcare can be improved by using artificial intelligence mechanisms for the process of detecting diseases and obtaining biological data, allowing medical professionals to have important information that facilitates the diagnosis process and the choice of the correct treatment for each particular person. The proposed research work aims to present an innovative approach when compared to traditional platforms, by providing online vital signs in real time and allowing the visualization of all historical data of a patient. It aims to defend the concept of promoting online consultations, providing complementary functionalities to the traditional methods for performing medical diagnoses through the use of software engineering practices. This investigation led to the conclusion that, in the future, many medical processes will most likely be done online, where this practice is considered extremely helpful for the analysis and treatment of contagious diseases, or cases that require constant monitoring.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Oregon Wine Board Meeting Minutes September 11, 2012

These meeting minutes list individuals in attendance and missing at the September 11, 2012 Oregon Wine Board (OWB) meeting, held via conference call. Dewey Weddington provided a marketing update focused on planning for Oregon Wine Month and the Oregon Wine Industry Symposium. The meeting also included discussion of the 2011-2012 year-end financial review and a presentation of the budget for the following year. The meeting lasted 2 hours 6 minutes, and the Board went into Executive Session after the meeting was adjourned

Dynamical complexity of discrete time regulatory networks

Genetic regulatory networks are usually modeled by systems of coupled differential equations and by finite state models, better known as logical networks, are also used. In this paper we consider a class of models of regulatory networks which present both discrete and continuous aspects. Our models consist of a network of units, whose states are quantified by a continuous real variable. The state of each unit in the network evolves according to a contractive transformation chosen from a finite collection of possible transformations, according to a rule which depends on the state of the neighboring units. As a first approximation to the complete description of the dynamics of this networks we focus on a global characteristic, the dynamical complexity, related to the proliferation of distinguishable temporal behaviors. In this work we give explicit conditions under which explicit relations between the topological structure of the regulatory network, and the growth rate of the dynamical complexity can be established. We illustrate our results by means of some biologically motivated examples.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figure