A new way for synthetizing (E)-methyl methylsulfanyl(phenylamino)methylene carbamates via Beckmann transposition in triflic acid

At low temperature in triflic acid, nitroketene S,N-acetals with a tethered phenyl ring react to form the corresponding hydroxynitrilium ions. Quenching with methanol leads to the formation of dications which undergo an unexpected Beckmann transposition affording new (E)-methyl methylsulfanyl(phenylamino) methylene carbamates. KEY WORDS: Nitroketene S,N-acetals, Electrophilic aromatic substitution, Superacids, Triflic acid, Beckmann transposition Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2015, 29(2), 291-298DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v29i2.1

Natural product hybrid and its superacid synthesized analogues: Dodoneine and its derivatives show selective inhibition of carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, III, XIII and XIV"

International audienc

Evaluation of the Bronchorelaxant, Genotoxic, and Antigenotoxic Effects of Cassia alata L.

International audienceAqueous-ethanolic extract of Cassia alata (AECal) and its derived fractions obtained through liquid-liquid fractionation were evaluated for their bronchorelaxant, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic effects. Contractile activity of rats' tracheas in the presence of tested materials, as well as its modifications with different inhibitors and blockers, was isometrically recorded. The antigenotoxic potential of AECal was evaluated on cyclophosphamide- (CP-) induced genotoxicity in the rat. Animals were pretreated with the extract, then liver comet assay was performed. AECal and its chloroformic fractions (CF-AECal) relaxed the contraction induced by Ach, but both were significantly less potent in inhibiting contraction induced by KCl (30 mM; 80 mM). Propranolol, indomethacin, L-NAME, methylene blue, and glibenclamide did not modify the relaxant effect of CF-AECal. TEA altered the response of trachea to CF-AECal. CF-AECal caused a rightward shift without affecting the E-max in cumulative concentration-response curves of Ach only at low concentrations. In animals pretreated with the extract, the percentage of CP-induced DNA damage decreased. Our results suggest that (1) muscarinic receptors contribute at least in part to the relaxant effects of CF-AECal; (2) CF-AECal interferes with membrane polarization; and (3) AECal is not genotoxic in vivo and contains chemopreventive phytoconstituents offering protection against CP-induced genotoxicity

Involvement of thyroid hormones in the regulation of mitochondrial oxidations in mammals and birds

peer reviewe

Thermal manipulation during embryogenesis has long-term effects on muscle and liver metabolism in fast-growing chickens

Fast-growing chickens have a limited ability to tolerate high temperatures. Thermal manipulation during embryogenesis (TM) has previously been shown to lower chicken body temperature (Tb) at hatching and to improve thermotolerance until market age, possibly resulting from changes in metabolic regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of TM (12 h/d, 39.5�C, 65% RH from d 7 to 16 of embryogenesis vs. 37.8�C, 56% RH continuously) and of a subsequent heat challenge (32�C for 5 h at 34 d) on the mRNA expression of metabolic genes and cell signaling in the Pectoralis major muscle and the liver. Gene expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR in 8 chickens per treatment, characterized by low Tb in the TM groups and high Tb in the control groups. Data were analyzed using the general linear model of SAS considering TM and heat challenge within TM as main effects. TM had significant long-term effects on thyroid hormone metabolism by decreasing the muscle mRNA expression of deiodinase DIO3. Under standard rearing conditions, the expression of several genes involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, such as transcription factor PGC-1?, was affected by TM in the muscle, whereas for other genes regulating mitochondrial function and muscle growth, TM seemed to mitigate the decrease induced by the heat challenge. TM increased DIO2 mRNA expression in the liver (only at 21�C) and reduced the citrate synthase activity involved in the Krebs cycle. The phosphorylation level of p38 Mitogen-activated-protein kinase regulating the cell stress response was higher in the muscle of TM groups compared to controls. In conclusion, markers of energy utilization and growth were either changed by TM in the Pectoralis major muscle and the liver by thermal manipulation during incubation as a possible long-term adaptation limiting energy metabolism, or mitigated during heat challenge

Cyclic variations in incubation conditions induce adaptive responses to later heat exposure in chickens: a review

peer reviewedSelection programs have enabled broiler chickens to gain muscle mass without similar enlargement of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems that are essential for thermoregulatory efficiency. Meat-type chickens cope with high ambient temperature by reducing feed intake and growth during chronic and moderate heat exposure. In case of acute heat exposure, a dramatic increase in morbidity and mortality can occur. In order to alleviate heat stress in the long term, research has recently focused on early thermal manipulation. Aimed at stimulation of long-term thermotolerance, the thermal manipulation of embryos is a method based on fine tuning of incubation conditions, taking into account the level and duration of increases in temperature and relative humidity during a critical period of embryogenesis. The consequences of thermal manipulation on the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens have been explored to ensure the potential application of this strategy. The physiological basis of the method is the induction of epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms that control body temperature in the long term. Early thermal manipulation can enhance poultry resistance to environmental changes without much effect on growth performance. This review presents the main strategies of early heat exposure and the physiological concepts on which these methods were based. The cellular mechanisms potentially underlying the adaptive response are discussed as well as the potential interest of thermal manipulation of embryos for poultry production. © The Animal Consortium 2014

Additional file 2: of Multi-tissue transcriptomic study reveals the main role of liver in the chicken adaptive response to a switch in dietary energy source through the transcriptional regulation of lipogenesis

Exploration by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of transcriptomic data (all expressed genes) for each tissue to identify outlier samples. Out of 48, 46, 48 and 44 arrays for liver, adipose, muscle and PBMC respectively, 2, 1, 2 and 1 outlier microarrays were identified by PCA using all the expressed genes. For muscle and PBMC, an additional sample was removed because of an abnormal high number of Agilent-flagged spots or an abnormal background distribution on the array. (PPTX 173 kb

Additional file 4 of Multi-tissue transcriptomic study reveals the main role of liver in the chicken adaptive response to a switch in dietary energy source through the transcriptional regulation of lipogenesis

DEG in liver between the two diets and some features. Array_FC and Array_Pvalue provide the HF/LF expression ratio and the p-value adjusted for the multiple test obtained with the microarray technology. qPCR_FC and qPCR_Pvalue provide the HF/LF expression ratio and the p-value obtained with the RT-qPCR technology. (XLSX 70 kb