La négociation collective dans les secteurs gouvernemental et paragouvernemental reconsidérée

Après quinze ans d'expérimentation au Québec, un ancien ministre du travail sous deux gouvernements se demande s'il ne faudrait pas reconsidérer certains principes et certaines modalités du régime de négociation collective dans les secteurs gouvernemental et para-gouvernemental

Native American Children in Michigan

This report authored by David Cournoyer, provides historical context for the "tenuous" relationship between Michigan's 12 federally-recognized tribes and the state government, paying particular attention to attempts to erode Native American education programs and the disproportionate number of Native children who find themselves in both the child welfare and juvenile justice systems

Computational, Synthetic, and Spectroscopic Investigations of PTA and Derivatives Towards Drug Development and Rare Earth Metal Extraction from Aqueous Media

The synthesis of novel upper-rim PTA-amides, where PTA is 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane, was attempted through several synthetic routes including those utilizing both amine and carboxylic acid-based PTA starting materials. Nitrogen-carbon amide bond formation was attempted between upper-rim PTA-enamines and nitrogen-protected amino acids with the coupling agent 3-[bis(dimethylamino)methyliumyl]-3H-benzotriazol-1-oxide (HBTU) and diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA). The upper-rim benzylamide of PTA was prepared by nucleophilic attack of methyl-1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.1]-decane-6-carboxylate (PTA-CO2Me) by benzylamine, facilitated by sodium methoxide in THF. Hydrochloride salts of butylamine and benzylamine as well as methyl ester-protected amino acids histidine and glycine were coupled to lithium 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane-6-carboxylate (PTA-CO2Li) with the assistance of HBTU and DIPEA in DMF. These upper-rim PTA amides were characterized with both NMR spectroscopy and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and selectivity as high as 100% was observed when the reaction was conducted with alkyl and aryl substrates.The oxidation of upper-rim PTA enamines was optimized and the isomerization kinetics of one derivative PTA=C[C5H2(OMe)3]NH2 were investigated with time-resolved 31P{1H} NMR at variable temperatures. Equilibrium constants of 0.871, 0.866, and 0.897 were determined for the isomerization at 25 ºC, 35 ºC, and 45 ºC, respectively. Rate constants for conversion of the E isomer to the Z isomer were found to be 1.42 x 10-2, 2.52 x 10-2, and 5.27 x 10-2 at the same temperatures as well, respectively.The coordination modes of PTA were investigated with Density Functional Theory (DFT) to elucidate the location of electron density around the nucleophilic phosphorus and nitrogen atoms of the phosphine. It was found that most of the electron density of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) is centered around a nitrogen atom, which potentially explains the observed borane substitution behavior that has been referenced in previous publications, at least in part. The coordination modes of several metal-PTA and metal-O=PTA complexes were also investigated with nickel and Ln3+, respectively, where Ln3+ is La, Ce, Eu, Sm, and Yb. Characterization with 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy (solid state and solution state), single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and FT-IR suggests that the nickel-PTA complexes are phosphorus-bound, as opposed to nitrogen-bound as was previously eluded to in the literature. Characterization of lanthanide complexes with O=PTA reveal oxygen-coordination is the exclusive coordination mode between the phosphine oxide and the metals.The pH-dependent precipitation of lanthanides from aqueous media with the use of lithium 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane-6-carboxylate (PTA-CO2Li) was investigated and optimized. The pKa of [PTA-CO2-][H+] was experimentally determined to be 6.1 ± 0.2 through an NMR titration, and relative energy calculations comparing the different isomers of the ligand suggest that protonation of the 3-nitrogen yields the most stable structure and the carboxylic acid is the least stable. The pKa of [PTA-(CO2)2-][H+] was experimentally determined to be 6.09 ± 0.52 through an NMR titration as well. Reaction conditions required to precipitate lanthanides (La3+, Gd3+, and Yb3+) from aqueous media with [PTA-CO2-][H+] via hydrothermal treatment were investigated and optimized. It was found that the precipitation of lanthanides form aqueous media is most efficient when the initial reaction pH lies close to 4 and the phosphine to lanthanide ratio exceeds 3:1. Finally, dilution of these precipitates in acidic media with chloride salts followed by basification with sodium hydroxide to pH > 10 yields the lanthanide hydroxides, which can be calcined to yield lanthanide oxides in a more carbon-neutral manner than the lanthanide oxalates which are currently being utilized in the industry to precipitate lanthanides from aqueous media

Covid-19, Cold, Flu? What To Know and What To Do

A review of Covid-19 symptoms vs the common cold and influenza. Discusses what to do if you think you are sick and when to seek medical care. Helping prevent community Covid-19 transmission and influx of mildly symptomatic patients into primary care clinic and emergency rooms.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/fmclerk/1846/thumbnail.jp

Analysis of the Invasiveness of Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray in Massachusetts and Rhode Island Freshwater Lakes and Assessment of the Impacts of Local Community Action Groups on AIS Management and Intervention Programs

Native to parts of South America and southeastern United States, Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray is an invasive aquatic pondweed species that has migrated to northern regions of the United States. C. caroliniana is known for its rapid growth pattern and its ability to dominate freshwater ecosystems. The overgrowth of this invasive species is difficult to manage, with few effective eradication/control methods available. Dense hairs and crystals found upon the leaf surfaces are believed to enhance the ability of Carolina fanwort to survive in a wide variety of ecosystems. Management of this particular species requires an active approach. This study explored the relative effectiveness of structured lake management groups in controlling and managing C. caroliniana populations. Three lakes were studied (one of which is a privately-owned lake while the other two are open to the public). Results show that a well-structured, active citizens’ group focusing on a privately managed lake appears to be more effective at controlling Cabomba caroliniana than a loosely organized public interest group on a publically managed lake

Âgisme et isolement social des aînés dans un quartier urbain de Montréal : perspectives des personnes aînées et des intervenants communautaires

L’âgisme est un phénomène prévalent ayant des conséquences significatives pour la santé et le bien-être social des personnes aînées. Cette étude vise à décrire les manifestations d’âgisme et ses liens avec l’isolement social des personnes aînées à l’aide d’un devis qualitatif descriptif comportant sept entrevues de groupe focalisées avec des citoyens aînés et des intervenants communautaires d’un quartier urbain de Montréal (n = 37 participants). Les verbatims ont été analysés selon la méthode de Miles, Huberman et Saldaña (2020). Les résultats présentent de nombreux stéréotypes et préjugés âgistes exprimés de façon explicite ou implicite (par le biais des métaphores), désignant les aînés comme rigides, vulnérables, désintéressés aux contacts sociaux et incapables d’utiliser la technologie. Cette recherche décrit la discrimination associée aux problèmes d’accès aux services communautaires et établit des liens entre l’âgisme et l’isolement social. Cette étude permet d’identifier les manifestations d’âgisme ainsi que de mieux comprendre l’âgisme en lien avec l’isolement social. Les résultats de cette recherche pourraient permettre d’aider les psychologues à comprendre l’impact des manifestations d’âgisme, et ainsi offrir des services qui tiendront compte de ces données dans leur pratique auprès des personnes aînées

The spiritual aspect of loss : a phenomenological exploration with psychotherapists.

This dissertation presents the results of a study designed to explore the therapist\u27s phenomenological awareness of spirituality in their work with their clients who are dealing with loss. The clinical literature reveals the individual\u27s response to loss includes a spiritual dimension. As traditional psychology has not included spirituality in its study or practice, little is known of how psychotherapists are attending to and including this dimension in the therapy. The dissertation included a review of the literature on: bereavement studies, self renewal theory, adult development, creativity, and spiritual emergencies. All of which provide current information about spiritual experiences. Qualitative research was done with eight psychotherapists from four Out-Patient Mental Health Clinics. Data from in-depth interviews were coded. A thematic analysis offered 18 themes which were common to all participants and were organized under three sets: (1) Psychotherapy and Loss, (2) Loss and Spirituality, (3) Spirituality and Psychotherapy. Some examples of themes in set #1 are, The Developmental Significance of Loss , Variations in the Loss Response ; in set #2, Faith as a Resource , Variations in Spiritual Manifestations ; in set #3, Spirituality as Part of Human Nature , Evidence of Spirituality as a Dynamic in Psychotherapy . Four profiles were constructed to provide an added perspective of the interviews. The findings were unanimous in that all the psychotherapists could identify a spiritual dimension in the experience of loss, in their own personal and professional lives and in human nature. The findings were consonant with the literature and suggest the validity of the spiritual dimension in the loss experience and the need for more attention to the spiritual aspects of human experience in the training and practice of conventional therapists

Breast Cancer Mass Detection using Difference of Gaussians and Pulse Coupled Neural Networks

CAD, serving as a second reader, has been shown to improve the success of radiologists at detecting breast cancer. This thesis will develop a new algorithm to identify masses in mammograms. The system developed for this thesis will be capable of assisting a radiologist in making decisions