Uso de SIG na avaliação da contaminação por chumbo e cobre no Canal do Cunha e no oeste da Baía de Guanabara , Rio de Janeiro, RJ.

8 p. il.As well as other subbasins of Guanabara Bay, the Canal do Cunha's sub - basin, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, suffered a severe environmental degradation as from the 1950s due to the accelerated urban - industrial development. Having a fluvial dynamics changed - by deforestation, dredging, occupying valleys and corrections - the channel is responsible for the flow of effluents and sediments that contribute to environmental degradation and has direct influence on water quality aggravation indices in the western portion of the Guanabara Bay. This study intends to evaluate, through GIS techniques, the spatial distribution of the levels of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) launched by domestic sewage and industrial effluents using data provided by six points monitoring State Environmental Institute (INEA) . The representation of distributions allowed us to observe the influence of seasonality and the concentration of suspended sediment concentrations of metals. This work integrates the Canal do Cunha's characterization project, developed by the Laboratory of Environmental Impacts and Sustainability (LIMA) Nuclear Engineering Institute (IEN)

Evolution of Chagas’ disease in Brazil. Epidemiological perspective and challenges for the future: a critical review

Aims: This paper aimed to provide a critical review of the evolution of Chagas’ disease in Brazil, its magnitude, historical development and management, and challenges for the future. Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar and throughout collected articles’ references. Narrative analysis was structured around five main themes identified: vector transmission, control program, and transfusion, oral and congenital transmission. Results: In Brazil, the Chagas’ disease Control Program was fully implemented in the 1980s, when it reached practically all the endemic areas, and in 1991, the Southern Cone Initiative was created, aiming to eliminate the disease transmission through eliminating the Triatoma infestans and controlling blood banks. As a result, the prevalence of chagasic donors in blood banks reduced from 4.4% in the 80s to 0.2% in 2005. In 2006, PAHO certified the interruption of transmission of Chagas’ disease through this vector in Brazil. However, there are still challenges, such as the domiciliation of new vector species, the need for medical care of the infected individuals, the prevention of alternative mechanisms of transmission, the loss of political concern regarding the disease and, the weakening of the control program. Conclusion: Despite the progress towards control, there are still many challenges ahead to maintain and expand such control and minimise the risk of re-emergence

Evaluation of a 25-Year-Program for the Control of Schistosomiasis Mansoni in an Endemic Area in Brazil

A clinical-epidemiological reevaluation on schistosomiasis mansoni was performed in 2005, in the urban area of a little town, Comercinho, MG, specifically focusing on the inhabitants of the same area in 1981, when a first survey and treatment with oxamniquine were carried out. The surveys included: identification of the intermediary host, census, mapping of the city, socioeconomic survey, stool examination, clinical examination, research dealing with contact with natural waters, and treatment of the positive cases. From a population of 1,474 people studied in 1981, 358 were submitted to stool examination, and 231 were clinically examined. From 1981 to 1992 five specific treatments were performed with oxamniquine and the last one with praziquantel. The results obtained were compared and demonstrated that the prevalence in Comercinho decreased significantly (70.4% to 1.7%), as well as the hepatosplenic form (7% to 1.3%) in 1981 and 2005, respectively. Significant improvement in the life quality (improvement in the housing, professional qualification and basic sanitation) were observed and must be considered important for the schistosomiasis control

Benznidazole

The conformation of the title compound [systematic name: N-benzyl-2-(2-nitro­imidazol-1-yl)acetamide], C12H12N4O3, can be described in terms of the relative orientation of three planar fragments, the imidazol group (A), benzyl group (B), and the acetamide fragment (C), with corresponding dihedral angles: A/C = 88.17 (4), B/C = 67.12 (5) and A/B = 21.11 (4)°. The crystal packing is enhanced by a network of strong inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Método de Monte Carlo aplicado a sistema vítreos dopados com íons terras raras

-O objetivo deste projeto é utilizar métodos numéricos, especificamente o método de Monte Carlo, em sistemas vítreos dopados com íons terras raras. O interesse principal reside na determinação das propriedades ópticas de emissão espontânea (luminescência) e processos não radiativos de transferência de energia. Estes últimos surgem devido à interação eletrostática entre os íons. Pretende-se desenvolver um modelo microscópico que descreva as interações entre íons, particularmente a ordem de interação relevante (ultilizando a expansão em multipolos elétricos) e a formação de clusters. Tais efeitos são de fundamental importância para a caracterização das propriedades destes materiais como meios ativos para laseres, uma vez que os processos de transferência de energia afetam diretamente a eficiência de bombeio. Além disso, o projeto prevê a comparação com dados experimentais a serem obtidos no laboratório de óptica da UFJF