Sedimentology, depositional environments and significance of an Ediacaran salt-withdrawal minibasin, Billy Springs Formation, Flinders Ranges, South Australia

Accepted manuscript online: 29 OCT 2015The late Ediacaran Billy Springs Formation is a little-studied, mudstone-dominated unit deposited in the Adelaide Rift Complex of South Australia. Sediments are exposed in an approximately 11 km x 15 km wide synclinal structure interpreted as a salt-withdrawal minibasin. The stratigraphic succession is characterized by convolute-laminated slump deposits, rhythmically-laminated silty mudstones, rare diamictites and fining-upward turbidite lithofacies. Lithofacies are the product of deposition in a deepwater slope or shelf setting, representing one of the few such examples preserved within the larger basin. Although exact correlations with other formations are unclear, the Billy Springs Formation probably represents the distal portion of a highstand systems tract, and is overlain by coarser sediments of the upper Pound Subgroup. Diamictite intervals are interpreted to be the product of mass flow processes originating from nearby emergent diapirs, in contrast to previous studies that suggest a glacial origin for extrabasinal clasts. Within the spectrum of outcropping minibasins around the world, the sediments described here are unique in their dominantly fine-grained nature and overall lithological homogeneity. Exposures such as these provide an opportunity to better understand the sedimentological processes that operate in these environments, and provide an analogue for similar settings in the subsurface that act as hydrocarbon reservoir-trap systems.John W. Counts and Kathryn J. Amo

Effect of polymer properties and adherend surfaces on adhesion

The surface properties associated with good adhesive joints were evaluated in terms of application of adhesive bonding in aerospace technology. The physical and chemical nature was determined of Ti and Al adherend surfaces after various surface treatments, and the effects on fracture surfaces of high temperature aging, and variations in amide, anhydride, and solvent during polymer synthesis. The effects were characterized of (1) high temperature during shear strength testing, (2) fiber-reinforced composites as adherends, (3) acid/base nature of adherends, (4) aluminum powder adhesive filler, and (5) bonding pressure

X-band scattering measurements of earth surfaces from an aircraft

Airborne equipment for measuring X band scattering of earth surface

Flight tests of a radar scattering-coefficient measuring instrument. Part 1 - Summary

Flight tests of radar scattering coefficient measuring instrumen

Recognizing the importance of chronic disease in driving healthcare expenditure in Tanzania: analysis of panel data from 1991 to 2010

Despite the growing chronic disease burden in low- and middle-income countries, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the financial impact of these illnesses on households. As countries make progress towards universal health coverage, specific information is needed about how chronic disease care drives health expenditure over time, and how this spending differs from spending on acute disease care

Leiter and Raven Performance and Teacher Ranking: A Correlation Study with Deaf Children

Non

Regulator Of Cell Cycle (Rgcc) Expression During The Progression Of Alzheimer\u27s Disease

Unscheduled cell cycle reentry of postmitotic neurons has been described in cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) and may form a basis for selective neuronal vulnerability during disease progression. In this regard, the multifunctional protein regulator of cell cycle (RGCC) has been implicated in driving G1/S and G2/M phase transitions through its interactions with cdc/cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk1) and is induced by p53, which mediates apoptosis in neurons. We tested whether RGCC levels were dysregulated in frontal cortex samples obtained postmortem from subjects who died with a clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), MCI, or AD. RGCC mRNA and protein levels were upregulated by ~50%–60% in MCI and AD compared to NCI, and RGCC protein levels were associated with poorer antemortem global cognitive performance in the subjects examined. To test whether RGCC might regulate neuronal cell cycle reentry and apoptosis, we differentiated neuronotypic PC12 cultures with nerve growth factor (NGF) followed by NGF withdrawal to induce abortive cell cycle activation and cell death. Experimental reduction of RGCC levels increased cell survival and reduced levels of the cdk1 target cyclin B1. RGCC may be a candidate cell cycle target for neuroprotection during the onset of AD

The Uses of Expertise: Science, Medicine and Body/Self-Fashioning

This paper draws on empirical evidence collected from pro-anorexia websites and qualitative interviews with dieters to develop an analysis of the uses of medical and scientific expertise in processes of body- and self-fashioning. It builds on previous work by examining how `lay publics\u27 refashion expertise in order to use it for new purposes, sometimes contradictory to the purposes of medicine itself. Four distinct groups are analyzed: Women diagnosed with anorexia; women diagnosed with EDNOS (Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified); dieters using traditional methods of caloric restricting; and dieters using a new method called Primal Dieting. Overall, respondents indicated an ambivalence toward medical and scientific expertise and the criteria used to evaluate expert discourses. Refashioning of expertise was conditional upon three different body/self strategies: 1) Moving oneself out of the discredited eating disorder diagnosis EDNOS; 2) Recreating the eating and living practices of `Paleolithic Man\u27 through Primal Dieting; and 3) Creating moral boundaries around those who engage in body-work and diet practices and those who don\u27t. While it has been suggested that lay practices and belief systems represent an epistemological challenge to expert knowledges (Epstein 2008), this analysis suggests that there is considerable overlap between frameworks of `truth-making\u27 between the four groups and scientific medicine. This calls us to reexamine the relationship between the lay populace\u27s engagement with expertise in the twenty-first century, understood here to be simultaneously empowering and disempowering, embracive of and resistant to medicalization, subversive and affirmative of cultural norms of the bod

First Observation and Amplitude Analysis of theB⁻ →D⁺K⁻ π⁻ decay

The B⁻ →D⁺K⁻ π⁻ decay is observed in a data sample corresponding to 3.0 fb⁻1 of pp collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. Its branching fraction is measured to be B(B⁻ →D⁺K⁻ π⁻ )=(7.31±0.19±0.22±0.39)×10⁻⁵ where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic and from the branching fraction of the normalization channel B⁻→D⁺π⁻ π⁻ , respectively. An amplitude analysis of the resonant structure of the B⁻ →D⁺K⁻ π⁻ decay is used to measure the contributions from quasi-two-body B⁻ →D*[subscript 0](2400)0K⁻ , B⁻ →D*[subscript 2](2460)⁰K⁻ , and B⁻ →D*[subscript J](2760)0K⁻ decays, as well as from nonresonant sources. The D*[subscript J](2760)⁰ resonance is determined to have spin 1

Boundary Condition on Electron Temperature for Antiforce Current Bearing Waves

In our investigation of breakdown waves, we apply a one-dimensional, three-component, steady-state fluid model. The wave is considered to be shock fronted and the electrons are assumed to be the main element in propagation of the wave. In our fluid model, the electron gas temperature is assumed to be large enough to sustain the wave motion. Our set of fluid equations is composed of the equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy plus the Poisson’s equation. This investigation involves breakdown waves for which a large current exist in the vicinity of the wave front. Existence of current behind the wave front alters the equation of conservation of energy and also the Poisson’s equation. Therefore, the boundary conditions at the shock front will change as well. For current bearing breakdown waves we will derive the appropriate boundary condition for electron temperature, and using the new boundary condition, we will integrate the fluid dynamical equations through the dynamical transition region of the wav