Prediction of breast lesion malignancy in high risk patients with BI-RADS4 lesions on multiparametric MRI-based radiomic

International audienc

Prediction of breast lesion malignancy in high-risk oncogenetic patients with MRI BI- RADS 4 lesion using multiparametric MRI-based radiomic

International audienceIn this study a multiparametric MRI-based radiomic method to predict cancer in MRI BI-RADS 4 breast lesions, in high-risk oncogenetic patients is proposed. The results demonstrated that mpMRI-based radiomic can predict all malignant lesions among MRI BI-RADS 4 lesion and reduced the number of unnecessary biopsy by 86% in our population

Facteurs de production et qualité sensorielle des fromages

National audienceThis review summarises the last 10 years of knowledge established on the relationships between management of the animals (genetic, physiology, feeding) and sensory quality of cheese. In the production of full fat raw milk cheese, the cow's breed can modify the texture of cheeses because of differences in fat in dry matter content, due to variations in the fat/protein ratio in milk. Within a same breed, large differences in texture and taste were observed between cheeses issued from milk differing by the genetic variant of beta-casein (in dairy cows) or alpha(s1)-casein (in goats). Except in very early or late lactation, the physiological stage had no significant effect on cheese sensory characteristics. In contrast, mastitis has a well known negative impact on cheese sensory properties. Feeding dairy cows or goats with corn silage by comparison with hay or grass silage lead to whiter cheeses and sometimes to differences in flavour. Conserving grass as silage, by comparison with hay, has no important effect on cheese sensory characteristics, except on colour, being more yellow with grass silage. Conversely, major differences in sensory characteristics were observed between cheeses made with milk produced by cows fed winter diets (based on hay and grass silage) or turned to pasture in the spring. Several recent experiments showed a significant effect of grass' botanical composition on cheese texture and flavour. These effects are due to the presence in milk of specific molecules or structures directly induced by feeding (carotenes, terpenes) or produced by the animals (plasmin, fatty acids, casein micellar structures) according to their genetic or physiological characteristics or under the effect of specific diets.Cette revue fait le point sur les connaissances acquises au cours des 10 dernières années sur les relations entre les facteurs de conduite des animaux (génétiques, physiologiques, alimentaires) et la qualité sensorielle des fromages. Chez la vache, avec des fabrications au lait entier, la race peut modifier les caractéristiques de texture des fromages. Cet effet est essentiellement lié aux différences de composition chimique des laits et donc de gras/sec des fromages. Au sein d’une même race, des différences importantes de texture et de goût ont été observées en fonction des variants génétiques de la caséine β (espèce bovine) et surtout αs1 (espèce caprine). Le stade physiologique n’a un effet marqué sur la couleur, la texture et le goût qu’en tout début ou en toute fin de lactation. En revanche, les mammites ont un effet négatif important sur les caractéristiques sensorielles des fromages. L’utilisation d’ensilage de maïs conduit toujours à des fromages plus blancs et parfois à des différences de flaveur. Lorsqu’elle est correctement réalisée, la conservation de l’herbe sous forme d’ensilage comparativement au foin ne modifie pas ou peu les caractéristiques sensorielles des fromages, en dehors de leur couleur, plus jaune avec l’ensilage. Par contre, d’importantes différences de caractéristiques sensorielles sont observées entre des fromages selon que le lait provient de vaches recevant une ration à base d’herbe conservée ou conduites au printemps, au pâturage. Plusieurs essais récents ont mis en évidence un effet de la composition botanique des fourrages ingérés par les vaches laitières sur la texture et la flaveur des fromages. Ces différents effets sont dus à la présence dans le lait de molécules ou de structures issues directement de l’alimentation (carotènes, terpènes) ou produites par l’animal (plasmine, acides gras, structure des micelles de la caséine) en raison de ses caractéristiques génétiques ou physiologiques ou sous l’effet d’une alimentation spécifique

Vers une reconnaissance des principaux régimes alimentaires des vaches à l'aide des profils terpéniques du lait

National audienc

Herbe et typicité des produits laitiers de montagne

National audienc

Terpene profiles in Cantal and Saint-Nectaire-type cheese made from raw or pasteurised milk

International audienc

Prediction of pathologic complete response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early triple negative breast cancer using pre-therapeutic MRI

International audienceA total of 76 patients were enrolled in this retrospective monocentric study. All patients had a non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer and underwent a pre-therapeutic MRI protocol (T1-weighted, T2-weigthed, diffusion-weighted and dynamic-contrast-enhanced imaging) before a neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results of radiomic analyses based on multiple contrast images and using 3 classifiers (support vector machine, Random forest and multilayer perceptron) were leading to a relative interest of using a combination of features extracted from DCE-MRI, T1W and T2W in the aim to predict responders and non-responders

Comment reconnaître la nature des fourrages consommés par les vaches laitières ? Approches analytiques en cours de développement à l'INRA

National audienc

Milk indicators for recognizing the types of forages eaten by dairy cows

International audienc

Inducing CTLA-4-dependent immune regulation by selective CD28 blockade promotes regulatory T cells in organ transplantation

Transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage organ failure. Its success is limited by side effects of immunosuppressive drugs, such as inhibitors of the calcineurin pathway that prevent rejection by reducing synthesis of interleukin-2 by T cells. Moreover, none of the existing drugs efficiently prevent the eventual rejection of the organ. Blocking the CD28-mediated T cell costimulation pathway is a nontoxic alternative immunosuppression strategy that is now achieved by blockade of CD80/86, the receptor for CD28 on antigen-presenting cells. However, interaction of CD80/86 with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is required for immune regulation. Therefore, CD28 blockade, instead of CD80/86 blockade, might preserve regulatory signals mediated by CTLA-4 and preserve immune regulation. By using monovalent antibodies, we identified true CD28 antagonists that induced CTLA-4-dependent decreased T cell function compatible with regulatory T (Treg) cell suppression. In transplantation experiments in primates, blocking CD28 augmented intragraft and peripheral blood Treg cells, induced molecular signatures of immune regulation, and prevented graft rejection and vasculopathy in synergy with calcineurin inhibition. These findings suggest that targeting costimulation blockade at CD28 preserves CTLA-4-dependent immune regulation and promotes allograft survival