Landscape analysis – Assessing countries' readiness to scale up nutrition actions in the WHO African region

The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of the Landscape Analysis to assess strengths and weaknesses in combating malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Landscape Analysis is an inter-agency initiative to assess gaps and constraints and to identify opportunities for effective nutrition actions in order to accelerate intersectoral action for improving nutrition. In-depth Country Assessments to evaluate countries' "readiness" to scale up nutrition action have been conducted since 2008 in Sub-Saharan Africa. "Readiness" was assessed in terms of the  commitment and capacity of each country and the focus was high stunting burden countries. The main focus was countries with heavy burden of undernutrition. From 2008 to September 2011, a total of 14 countries had undertaken the Landscape Analysis Country Assessment. Nine of them were in Africa: Burkina Faso, Comoros, Cote d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, and South Africa. Three additionalcountries (Guinea, Namibia and Tanzania) were also planning to complete the Landscape Analysis Country Assessment in early 2012.From the findings in the nine countries, the following recommendations have beenmade:• Existing nutrition architectures and coordination mechanisms should bestrengthened and better utilized;• Nutrition needs to be mainstreamed and integrated in relevant sector policies;• Advocacy at high levels is needed to highlight the importance of the lifecourseperspective, focusing particularly on nutrition interventions frompreconception until the first two years of life;• National nutrition policies need to be translated into programmatic actions;• Human resource capacity for public health nutrition needs to be built with highquality in-service trainings in the short-term and long-term strategies toprovide pre-service trainings;• Community-based outreach should be strengthened by using existingchannels;• National nutrition surveillance systems need to be strengthened to ensure adequate use of data for monitoring, evaluation, and planning purposes.As part of the implementation of the 2010 World Health Assembly resolution on Infant and Young Child Nutrition (WHA 63.23) WHO has proposed a process to help countries in developing scale-up plans, which incorporates the Landscape Analysis Country Assessment as a tool to help countries in undertaking the initial context mapping. The countries that have already undertaken an in-depth Country Assessment, such as the Landscape Analysis Country Assessment, are ready to move forward in implementing the next steps in developing scaling-up plans to accelerateaction in nutrition. At the same time, WHO will support additional countries that have expressed interest in conducting the Country Assessment

Landscape Analysis - Assessing Countries' Readiness To Scale Up Nutrition Actions In The Who African Region

The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of the Landscape Analysis to assess strengths and weaknesses in combating malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa. The Landscape Analysis is an inter-agency initiative to assess gaps and constraints and to identify opportunities for effective nutrition actions in order to accelerate inter- sectoral action for improving nutrition. In-depth Country Assessments to evaluate countries' "readiness" to scale up nutrition action have been conducted since 2008 in Sub-Saharan Africa. "Readiness" was assessed in terms of the commitment and capacity of each country and the focus was high stunting burden countries. The main focus was countries with heavy burden of undernutrition. From 2008 to September 2011, a total of 14 countries had undertaken the Landscape Analysis Country Assessment. Nine of them were in Africa: Burkina Faso, Comoros, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, and South Africa. Three additional countries (Guinea, Namibia and Tanzania) were also planning to complete the Landscape Analysis Country Assessment in early 2012. From the findings in the nine countries, the following recommendations have been made: Existing nutrition architectures and coordination mechanisms should be strengthened and better utilized; Nutrition needs to be mainstreamed and integrated in relevant sector policies; Advocacy at high levels is needed to highlight the importance of the lifecourse perspective, focusing particularly on nutrition interventions from preconception until the first two years of life; National nutrition policies need to be translated into programmatic actions; Human resource capacity for public health nutrition needs to be built with high quality in-service trainings in the short-term and long-term strategies to provide pre-service trainings; Community-based outreach should be strengthened by using existing channels; National nutrition surveillance systems need to be strengthened to ensure adequate use of data for monitoring, evaluation, and planning purposes. As part of the implementation of the 2010 World Health Assembly resolution on Infant and Young Child Nutrition (WHA 63.23) WHO has proposed a process to help countries in developing scale-up plans, which incorporates the Landscape Analysis Country Assessment as a tool to help countries in undertaking the initial context mapping. The countries that have already undertaken an in-depth Country Assessment, such as the Landscape Analysis Country Assessment, are ready to move forward in implementing the next steps in developing scaling-up plans to accelerate action in nutrition. At the same time, WHO will support additional countries that have expressed interest in conducting the Country Assessment

Interventions prioritaires en Afrique de l’ouest pour l’estimation des dépenses en nutrition

L’objectif de l’étude visait à identifier par ordre de priorité les interventions de nutrition pour l’estimation des dépenses. La méthodologie utilisée a consisté à établir une liste de 37 interventions du secteur de la santé et d’autres secteurs à partir des interventions proposées par l’OMS et celles de la série Lancet de 2008. Au cours des réunions de consultations des pays couverts par l’OMS/AFRO sur le projet du Plan d’application exhaustif de nutrition chez la mère, le nourrisson et le jeune enfant, la liste a été soumise aux représentants des pays composés du directeur du programme ou de la direction nationale pour la nutrition et du représentant du secteur de l’agriculture des pays de la CEDAO et la Mauritanie pour sélection des interventions prioritaires, qui ont étés classées par fréquence de sélection et comparées à celles des comptes de la santé. L’étude a aboutit aux résultats suivants sur les 37 interventions : huit (21,6 %) furent retenues par moins de 50 % des équipes pays et les 29 autres (78,4 %) sélectionnées par plus de 50 %, dont 72,4 % étaient du secteur de la santé. Des 21 interventions (56,8 %) qui avaient un niveau de consensus élevé (³ 75 %), 71,4 % étaient du secteur de la santé et 28,6 % relevaient d’autres secteurs. Des interventions du secteur de la santé, 76 % se retrouvaient dans les comptes de santé. En conclusion, une liste consensuelle d’interventions prioritaires pour l’estimation des dépenses de nutrition est proposée pour la sousrégion ouest africaine dont 76 % relevant, du secteur de la santé sont comprises dans les comptes santé et pourraient servir à l’estimation des dépenses de nutrition.Mots-clés : Interventions de nutrition, malnutrition, estimation des dépenses.West Africa priority interventions for nutrition expenditure estimationThe study objective was to identify the interventions to use for estimating nutrition expenditure in health sector. For this to be achieved a list of 37 interventions from health and non-health sector were elaborated based on lancet series 2008 and on WHO proposed nutrition interventions. The list was then submitted to West Africa countries’ team of nutrition and agriculture resource persons for selection. The interventions were classified using a percentage of occurrences. The reflection of the selected interventions was analysed in health account. The results showed that from the 37 interventions concerned by the survey, 8 (21.6%) were selected by less than 50% of country teams and 29 interventions (78.4%) were selected by more than 50% of country teams. From the 29 interventions 72.4% of them were from health sector. From the 21 interventions  (56.8%) selected by at least 75% of country teams, 71.4% of them were from health sector and 28.6% from non-health sector. In addition 76% of the interventions selected by more than 50% of  countries were reflected in health account. From these results it can conclude that there is a proposed health and non-health set of interventions identified by West African countries to be used for estimating nutrition expenditures. These  interventions can probably be appreciated in health account to have a reliable trend since at least 76% of them are reflected in.Keywords: nutrition interventions, malnutrition, expenditure estimation

Enquête transversale sur les connaissances des agents de santé des formations sanitaires publiques sur la dengue dans la ville de Ouagadougou en 2015

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