Le paradoxe d’Hercule ou comment le roman vient aux antiromanciers

La deuxième moitié de L’Ingénu pose une difficulté aux interprètes de Voltaire. Avec l’aventure de Mlle de Saint-Yves, avec sa douloureuse et larmoyante agonie, le conteur grinçant des premiers chapitres semble se transformer en romancier sensible, naïf et conventionnel. Face à ce dérangeant envahissement de l’antiroman par le romanesque, un certain nombre de positions peuvent être adoptées : condamnation de l’ouvrage, jugé déficient en raison de sa dualité même ; interprétation « ironique » de l’élément sensible ; lecture « sensible » de l’élément ironique ; tentative de synthèse et de conciliation des deux registres. Toutes ces positions réagissent cependant à un fait dont on exagère le scandale : la coexistence, dans une même oeuvre, de l’ironique et du sensible, du roman et de l’antiroman. Chez Voltaire, comme chez les autres antiromanciers de l’âge classique (Sorel, Scarron, Furetière, Lesage, Crébillon, Diderot), l’antiroman est encore un roman ; il ne se conçoit pas en-dehors des procédés, des cadres, des thèmes et des possibilités représentationnelles que lui lègue le romanesque.The second half of L’Ingénu presents difficulties to specialists of Voltaire. With the adventures of Mlle de Saint-Yves, terminating in her painful, tear-filled death scene, the caustic storyteller of the first chapters seems to transform himself into a sensitive, naïve and altogether conventional novelist. Confronted with this disturbing invasion of the anti-novel by the novel, firm positions have been adopted: condemnation of the work judged to be deficient because of its duality; “ironic” interpretation of the sentimental elements; “sentimental” interpretation of the ironic elements; attempts to synthesize and reconcile the two registers. All these positions react however to a fact whose scandalousness has been exaggerated: the coexistence in the same work of irony and sentimentality, of the novel and the anti-novel. For Voltaire, as for other anti-novelists of the classical age (Sorel, Scarron, Furetière, Lesage, Crébillon, Diderot), the anti-novel is still a novel; it is not formulated outside the procedures, frames, themes and representational possibilities that the novel has bequeathed it

A Religiosa de Diderot: entre inocência e ímpeto de liberdade

Dentre as obras escritas por Denis Diderot, A Religiosa é um de seus romances mais inventivos e, por isso mesmo, polêmico. Nele, o filósofo expõe as práticas perversas e desumanas ocorridas nos claustros religiosos a partir do relato memorialístico de Suzanne Simonin, jovem obrigada a seguir o voto de clausura, mas que, contrariamente, deseja se libertar da opressora vida monacal. O ímpeto de liberdade da inocente Suzanne passa a ser entendido por ela mesma como uma revolução, visto que família, clero e Estado, quase em uníssono, impossibilitam-na de agir nessa direção. Partindo da relação entre o caráter inocente da protagonista e seu projeto revolucionário, o presente artigo pretende compreender o sentido de significação da noção de “inocência” elaborada por Diderot no romance ao verificar outros escritos do filósofo que também versam sobre as noções de “caráter natural” e “inocência”

Avant-propos

Art de la construction des discours et théorie de ces mêmes discours, la rhétorique a donné naissance à un système de grande ampleur tant par le nombre de ses propositions que par l’influence qu’elle a exercée au cours de son « empire », en particulier dans le champ des études littéraires, au côté de la poétique et de l’herméneutique. Aristote la définissait par ce qu’elle possède à la fois de spécifique et de transversal : « […] la rhétorique est la capacité de discerner dans chaque cas ce q..

Avaliação isocinética em nadador amputado de membro superior: relato de caso

Swimming is one of the most popular sports studied, but swim-ming by athletes with physical disabilities suggests a new branch of research. Objective: To analyze muscle groups by isokinetic dynamometry: the adductor and abductor and the shoulder flexor and extensor of an elite Brazilian swimmer with an amputation at the level of the proximal third of the radius. Methods: The male patient was 18 years old, and had spent nine of those years competing. He was clinically evaluated via the functional DASH questionnaire and the EROE questionnaire on sports. The Biodex System 3 isokinetic dynamometer was used with the protocol of 5 repetitions at 60 ° / second, 20 repetitions at 180 º and 240 º / second as the movement of abduction / adduction and flexion / extension. Results: In the questionnaires there was no indication of pain or any other change in clinical evaluation. In the DASH questionnaire, the athlete reported a medium level of difficulty. His performance was excellent on the EROE scale. In isokinetic evaluation the athlete showed differences between the amputated side and the healthy side. Conclusion: Isokinetic evaluation is a good parameter to study the strength even in swimmers with physical disabilities, showing that these athletes need specific training.A natação é um dos principais esportes de estudo, mas a natação em atletas com deficiência física abre um ramo de pesquisa. Objetivo: Analisar através da dinamometria isocinética os grupos musculares: abdutores e adutores, flexores e extensores de ombro de um nadador da elite brasileira com amputação do terço proximal do rádio. Métodos: Paciente do gênero masculino com 18 anos de idade, sendo, nove deles competindo. Foi avaliado clinicamente e através do questionário funcional DASH e pelo questionário EROE quanto à atividade esportiva. Na avaliação no dinamômetro isocinético Biodex System 3 com o protocolo de 5 repetições a 60º/segundo e 20 repetições a 180º e 240º/segundo quanto aos movimentos abdução/adução e flexão/extensão. Resultados: Nos questionários não se observou dor ou outra alteração da avaliação clínica. No questionário DASH, o atleta referiu dificuldade grau médio. Seu desempenho na escala EROE foi excelente. Na avaliação isocinética o atleta apresentou diferenças no lado amputado comparado em relação ao sadio. Conclusão: A avaliação isocinética é um bom parâmetro para estudo da força mesmo em nadadores com deficiência física, mostrando que estes atletas necessitam de um treinamento específico

Effect of Applied of Pre-Stresses on Corrosion Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel in 1N H2SO4

This research is devoted to study the effect of applying different pre-tensile stresses (255,305,355,405,455,505 555 and 605) MPa on the microstructure, hardness and corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel in 1N H2SO4. The stress-strain curve was drawn for standard (304) stainless steel in laboratory environment. The curve was divided into three zones. At zone one the values of elastic pre-stresses vary between (σ0 - σpro.) MPa. The results showed; that the corrosion rate was very little increased compared with that of as received (304) stainless steel. The microstructure presented undeformed austenitic grains and the hardness value was (157.433) Hv. At zone two the value of plastic pre-stress varies between (σpro.- σ U.T.S) MPa. The corrosion rate increases after applying pre-stress between (σ255 - σ 455) MPa. The microstructure showed that the austenitic grains begin to deform in the direction of applied pre-stresses. The maximum hardness at this region was (229.2) Hv, but at higher pre-stress (σ455 – σ 605) MPa, the corrosion rate decreases. The microstructure inspection shows the deformed austenitic grain and ά-martensitic phase needle are appeared inside austenitic grains and the hardness reached the maximum value (332.433) Hv. At zone three the values of pre-stresses are between (σ605 - σf) MPa. The results showed that the corrosion rate increases. The investigation of microstructure showed that there are distortion in austenitic grains and ά- martensite phase observed inside austenitic grains. The hardness reached the maximum value at (354.3) Hv. The necking of gauge length of specimens occurs in specimens and this leads to deterioration in original propertie

Lumières au pluriel

Comment pourrait-on, sans la connaissance des langues, sans l’habitude de la lecture, communiquer avec ces hommes qui ne sont plus, et que nous sentons si bien nos amis, nos concitoyens, nos alliés ? Il faut être médiocre de cœur pour se refuser à de si nobles plaisirs. Ceux-là seulement qui remplissent leur vie de bonnes œuvres peuvent se passer de toute étude : l’ignorance, dans les hommes oisifs, prouve autant la sécheresse de l’âme que la légèreté de l’esprit.Enfin, il reste encore une ch..

Liens du mois (novembre 2018)

D. Jacob, La chère monsieur George Eliot de Mona Ozouf, Bibliobs (29 novembre 2018) J.-D. Wagneur, La place de la littérature dans l'univers des journaux, Le Blog Gallica (22 janvier 2018) A. Coudreuse, Ecrivaines à l’époque moderne, c.r. d'A. Cron, Mémoires féminins de la fin du XVIIe siècle à la période révolutionnaire, nonfiction.fr (12 septembre 2018) https://youtu.be/ZTI5byEJNFY Les manuscrits de Gustave Flaubert réunis dans Gallic

Les bryophytes aquatiques et supra-aquatiques. Clé d'identification pour la mise en oeuvre de l'Indice Biologique Macrophytique en Rivière

Les bryophytes aquatiques et supra-aquatiques. Clé d'identification pour la mise en oeuvre de l'Indice Biologique Macrophytique en Rivièr