Effects of zinc supplementation on cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults: the ZENITH study

A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled design was employed to investigate the effects of Zn supplementation on cognitive function in 387 healthy adults aged 55–87 years. Several measures of visual memory, working memory, attention and reaction time were obtained using the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery at baseline and then after 3 and 6 months of 0 (placebo), 15 or 30 mg Zn/d. Younger adults (70 years), and performance improved with practice on some measures. For two out of eight dependent variables, there were significant interactions indicating a beneficial effect (at 3 months only) of both 15 and 30 mg/d on one measure of spatial working memory and a detrimental effect of 15 mg/d on one measure of attention. Further work is required to establish whether these findings generalise to older adults in poorer mental and physical health and with less adequate Zn intake and status than the present sample

Modulation de la teneur en cardiolipine hépatique, un facteur majeur de l'activité mitochondriale, suite à l'administration d'un régime obésigène chez le rat

Modulation de la teneur en cardiolipine hépatique, un facteur majeur de l'activité mitochondriale, suite à l'administration d'un régime obésigène chez le rat. 17. Congrès du Groupe Français de Bioénergétiqu

EFFETS DES GLUCIDES COMPLEXES NON DIGESTIBLES SUR LA BIODISPONIBILITE DES MINERAUX (ETUDES PARTICULIERES DU RHAMNOGALACTURONANE II ET DES FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES (DOCTORAT))

CLERMONT FD-BCIU-Santé (631132104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

The Dietary Total-Fat Content Affects the In Vivo Circulating C15:0 and C17:0 Fatty Acid Levels Independently.

Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) have been described as dietary biomarkers of dairy-fat consumption, with varying degrees of reliability between studies. It remains unclear how the total amount of dietary fat, representing one of the main confounding factors in these biomarker investigations, affects C15:0 and C17:0 circulating concentrations independent of their relative intake. Additionally, it is not clear how changes in the dietary total-fat affects other fatty acids in circulation. Through two dietary studies with different total-fat levels but maintaining identical fatty acid compositions, we were able to see how the dietary total-fat affects the fatty acids in circulation. We saw that there was a statistically significant, proportionate, and robust decrease in the endogenous C15:0 levels with an increase in dietary total-fat. However, there was no significant change in the circulating C17:0 concentrations as the total-fat increased. To conclude, the dietary total-fat content and fat-type have a very complex influence on the relative compositions of circulating fatty acids, which are independent of the actual dietary fatty acid composition. Knowing how to manipulate circulating C15:0 and C17:0 concentrations is far-reaching in nutritional/pathological research as they highlight a dietary route to attenuate the development of metabolic disease (both by reducing risk and improving prognosis)

Potential favourable health effects of some dietary uncommon fatty acids

International audienceIn addition to the major fatty acids widely studied, our diet contains many bioactive fatty acids less frequently investigated such as n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA), natural trans fatty acids, conjugated fatty acids (CLAs), furan fatty acids (FuFAs), branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and fatty acid esters of hydroxyl fatty acids (FAHFAs). Many of them may have beneficial health effects, particularly in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, inflammation and metabolic disorders such as diabetes. This review aims to give a brief overview of the current knowledge on these lipids. Thus, information about biosynthesis, food and tissue content, daily intake, biological and potential health effects of these fatty acids is provided.Parallèlement aux acides gras prépondérants qui sont largement étudiés, notre alimentation contient de nombreux acides gras bioactifs moins fréquemment considérés tels que l’acide docosapentaénoïque n-3 (n-3 DPA), des acides gras trans naturels, des acides gras conjugués (CLAs), des acides gras furaniques (FuFAs), des acides gras à chaîne ramifiée (BCFAs) et des esters d’acides gras hydroxylés (FAHFAs). Nombreux d’entre eux peuvent avoir des effets bénéfiques sur la santé, notamment dans la prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires, de l’inflammation et des troubles métaboliques tels que le diabète. Cette revue vise à donner un bref aperçu des connaissances actuelles sur ces lipides. Ainsi, des informations sur la biosynthèse, les teneurs tissulaires et dans les aliments, l’apport alimentaire quotidien, les effets biologiques et les effets santé potentiels de ces acides gras sont rapportés

Les FAHFAs, une nouvelle classe de lipides endogènes bioactifs

Fatty acid hydroxylated fatty acid esters (FAHFAs) are a family of endogenous lipids recently rediscovered by Professor Kahn's team (Yore et al., 2014). Several studies have shown that FAHFAs improve glucose tolerance, sensitivity to and secretion of insulin and have anti-inflammatory effects. FAHFAs are found in blood and many tissues in humans and in rodents, as well as in breast milk and in food. They are synthesized de novo in tissues, however the biosynthesis and degradation pathways of these bioactive lipids are not yet elucidated. Several studies show that the levels of FAHFAs are regulated in mice and humans by physiological and physiopathological conditions such as fasting, obesity and insulin resistance. In this review, we will present the current state of the art concerning FAHFAs and in particular, the biological effects of these bioactive lipids.Les esters d’acides gras hydroxylés (FAHFAs) sont une famille de lipides endogènes récemment découverts par l’équipe du Pr Kahn (Yore et al., 2014). Plusieurs travaux montrent que les FAHFAs améliorent la tolérance au glucose, la sensibilité à l’insuline et sa sécrétion, et possèdent des effets anti-inflammatoires. Les FAHFAs sont présents dans le sang et dans de nombreux tissus chez l’homme et chez le rongeur, mais également dans le lait maternel et dans les aliments. Les FAHFAs sont synthétisés de novo dans les tissus, cependant leurs voies de biosynthèse et de dégradation ne sont pas élucidées à ce jour. Les taux de FAHFAs dans l’organisme seraient modifiés par des altérations physiologiques et physiopathologiques tels le jeûne, l’obésité et l’insulinorésistance. Dans cette revue, nous ferons un bilan sur l’état des connaissances concernant les FAHFAs et présenterons en particulier les effets biologiques de ces lipides bioactifs connus à l’heure actuell