Risk and Emotion Among Healthy Volunteers in Clinical Trials

Theorized as objective or constructed, risk is recognized as unequally distributed across social hierarchies. Yet the process by which social forces shape risk and risk emotions remains unknown. The pharmaceutical industry depends on healthy individuals to voluntarily test early-stage, investigational drugs in exchange for financial compensation. Emblematic of risk in late modernity, Phase I testing is a rich site for examining how class and race shape configurations of emotion and risk. Using interview data from 178 healthy trial participants, this article examines emotion and risk as mutually constituting processes linked to biographical context and social structure. Biographical events like economic insecurity and incarceration influence how risk is felt by providing comparative experiences of felt risk and felt benefits. Such events, in turn, are structured by class-based and racial inequalities, linking class and race positions to primary emotional experiences of risk

How do Black Bream move through the fish gate on the Vasse Surge Barrier?

This study determined how Black Bream used the fish gate on the Vasse Surge Barrier by tagging them state of the art internal electronic tags. The tags, known as PIT tags, detected fish that passaged upstream and downstream through the fish gate over an 18 month period in 2017 and 2018. The local community helped us tag and release 322 Black Bream. The study revealed that movements through the fish gate were unrelated to spawning activity of this species and supported early work that the Vasse Estuary is not a key breeding site; instead they use the Deadwater to reproduce. Up until May 2018, Bream passaged through the fish gate 440 times (265 downstream and 175 upstream). Black Bream preferred to passage when the water velocity in the fish gate chute were lowest, which occurred when the water levels upstream and downstream of the surge barrier were relatively similar. When the dissolved oxygen upstream of the surge barrier was good, fewer fish passaged downstream to the Wonnerup Inlet although this was a relatively weak effect. However, the dissolved oxygen around the Vasse Suge Barrier during the current analysis period was relatively high compared to other years and therefore we anticipate that the effect of low dissolved oxygen on fish passage would be even stronger in those years. They also preferred to pass downstream through the fish gate during the evening, whereas upstream passages mostly occurred during the dawn and dusk periods. The findings greatly increase our understanding of the conditions that Black Bream require or prefer to use the fish gate on the Vasse Surge Barrier. However, as the PIT tags last for 20 years, additional data analysis is recommended to compare the factors influencing the passage of the species over multiple years of fish gate operation; including those years that experience poor oxygen levels. It is also recommended that additional fish PIT tagging occur, including other species, so that long-term fish passage through the structure may be further quantified

Singularity structure of the pi N scattering amplitude in a meson-exchange model up to energies W < 2.0 GeV

Within the previously developed Dubna-Mainz-Taipei meson-exchange model, the singularity structure of the pi N scattering amplitudes has been investigated. For all partial waves up to F waves and c.m. energies up to W = 2 GeV, the T-matrix poles have been calculated by three different techniques: analytic continuation into the complex energy plane, speed-plot and the regularization method. For all 4-star resonances, we find a perfect agreement between the analytic continuation and the regularization method. We also find resonance poles for resonances that are not so well established, but in these cases the pole positions and residues obtained by analytic continuation can substantially differ from the results predicted by the speed-plot and regularization methods.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures, 4 table

The Spectrum of Integrated Millimeter Flux of the Magellanic Clouds and 30-Doradus from TopHat and DIRBE Data

We present measurements of the integrated flux relative to the local background of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds and the region 30-Doradus (the Tarantula Nebula) in the LMC in four frequency bands centered at 245, 400, 460, and 630 GHz, based on observations made with the TopHat telescope. We combine these observations with the corresponding measurements for the DIRBE bands 8, 9, and 10 to cover the frequency range 245 - 3000 GHz (100 - 1220 micrometers) for these objects. We present spectra for all three objects and fit these spectra to a single-component greybody emission model and report best-fit dust temperatures, optical depths, and emissivity power-law indices, and we compare these results with other measurements in these regions and elsewhere. Using published dust grain opacities, we estimate the mass of the measured dust component in the three regions.Comment: 41 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journa