Spin accumulation probed in multiterminal lateral all-metallic devices

We study spin accumulation in an aluminium island, in which the injection of a spin current and the detection of the spin accumulation are done by means of four cobalt electrodes that connect to the island through transparent tunnel barriers. Although the four electrodes are designed as two electrode pairs of the same shape, they nonetheless all exhibit distinct switching fields. As a result the device can have several different magnetic configurations. From the measurements of the amplitude of the spin accumulation, we can identify these configurations, and using the diffusion equation for the spin imbalance, we extract the spin relaxation length $\lambda_\mathrm{sf} = 400 \pm 50$~nm and an interface spin current polarization $P = (10 \pm 1)$ at low temperature and $\lambda_\mathrm{sf} = 350 \pm 50$~nm, $P = (8 \pm 1)$ at room temperature

Linear and nonlinear parameters of heart rate variability in ischemic stroke patients

Introduction Cardiovascular system presents cortical modulation. Post-stroke outcome can be highly influenced by autonomic nervous system disruption. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a simple non-invasive method to assess sympatho-vagal balance. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate cardiac autonomic activity in ischemic stroke patients and to asses HRV nonlinear parameters beside linear ones. Methods We analyzed HRV parameters in 15 right and 15 left middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke patients, in rest condition and during challenge (standing and deep breathing). Data were compared with 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results There was an asymmetric response after autonomic stimulation tests depending on the cortical lateralization in ischemic stroke patients. In resting state, left hemisphere stroke patients presented enhanced parasympathetic control of the heart rate (higher values for RMSSD, pNN50 and HF in normalized units). Right hemisphere ischemic stroke patients displayed a reduced cardiac parasympathetic modulation during deep breathing test. Beside time and frequency domain, using short-term ECG monitoring, cardiac parasympathetic modulation can also be assessed by nonlinear parameter SD1, that presented strong positive correlation with time and frequency domain parameters RMSSD, pNN50, HFnu, while DFA α1 index presented negative correlation with the same indices and positive correlation with the LFnu and LF/HF ratio, indicating a positive association with the sympatho-vagal balance. Conclusions Cardiac monitoring in clinical routine using HRV analysis in order to identify autonomic imbalance may highlight cardiac dysfunctions, thus helping preventing potential cardiovascular complications, especially in right hemisphere ischemic stroke patients with sympathetic hyperactivation

Advanced breakup-nucleon enhancement of deuteron-induced reaction cross sections

Following the EUROfusion PPPT-programme action for an advanced modeling approach of deuteron-induced reaction cross sections, as well as specific data evaluations in addition of the TENDL files, an assessment of the details and corresponding outcome for the latter option of TALYS for the breakup model has been carried out. The breakup enhancement obtained in the meantime within computer code TALYS, by using the evaluated nucleon-induced reaction data of TENDL-2019, is particularly concerned. Discussion of the corresponding results, for deuteron-induced reactions on $^{58}$Ni, $^{96}$Zr, and $^{231}$Pa target nuclei up to 200 MeV incident energy, includes limitations still existing with reference to the direct-reaction account

Microscopic Theory of Magnon-Drag Thermoelectric Transport in Ferromagnetic Metals

A theoretical study of the magnon-drag Peltier and Seebeck effects in ferromagnetic metals is presented. A magnon heat current is described perturbatively from the microscopic viewpoint with respect to electron--magnon interactions and the electric field. Then, the magnon-drag Peltier coefficient \Pi_\MAG is obtained as the ratio between the magnon heat current and the electric charge current. We show that \Pi_\MAG=C_\MAG T^{5/2} at a low temperature $T$; that the coefficient C_\MAG is proportional to the spin polarization $P$ of the electric conductivity; and that $P>0$ for C_\MAG<0, but $P0$. From experimental results for magnon-drag Peltier effects, we estimate that the strength of the electron--magnon interaction is about 0.3 eV$\cdot\AA^{3/2}$ for permalloy.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of the Physical Society of Japa

Detection and Characterization of Solid Pancreatic Lesions (Contrast-Enhancement, Elastography, EUS-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration)

AbstractFor detection of small pancreatic tumors and characterization of focal pancreatic masses, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the most sensitive of the imaging procedures currently available. Differential diagnosis between benign and malignant focal pancreatic masses based on the EUS appearance is difficult and frequently requires EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for confirmation of malignancy. New techniques improve the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the differential diagnosis, as well as diagnosis of small pancreatic tumors (less than 2 cm diameter) by using real-time elastography or contrast-enhanced EUS. Nevertheless, EUS-FNA is still required for the final diagnosis in most of the cases, which allows an evidence-based management with referral to either curative surgery or palliative chemoradiotherapy. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia

Bloch-Wall Phase Transition in the Spherical Model

The temperature-induced second-order phase transition from Bloch to linear (Ising-like) domain walls in uniaxial ferromagnets is investigated for the model of D-component classical spin vectors in the limit D \to \infty. This exactly soluble model is equivalent to the standard spherical model in the homogeneous case, but deviates from it and is free from unphysical behavior in a general inhomogeneous situation. It is shown that the thermal fluctuations of the transverse magnetization in the wall (the Bloch-wall order parameter) result in the diminishing of the wall transition temperature T_B in comparison to its mean-field value, thus favouring the existence of linear walls. For finite values of T_B an additional anisotropy in the basis plane x,y is required; in purely uniaxial ferromagnets a domain wall behaves like a 2-dimensional system with a continuous spin symmetry and does not order into the Bloch one.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure

GENERAL ASPECTS REGARDING THE GROWTH FRESHWATER FISH IN CUBES, AN ALTERNATIVE FOR AQUACULTURE IN ROMANIA

Due to the increased consumption of fish, as an alternative to achieving healthy population nutrition, the development of European aquaculture also shows an increasing trend. At present, freshwater culture is about 42% of total European fish production. Valuable species, from an economic point of view, can be reared in intensive systems in cages on running waters or ponds, combined with less valuable species. There are also new species that are gradually becoming increasingly important for the fish industry in Europe. Freshwater aquaculture in Romania is based on rainbow trout and carp which are still predominant species, but there is significant demand for valuable fish species [11,12,16]. Â