Método de quantificação do residual de ácido naftênico em água produzida sintética após adsorção com fibra têxtil / Method for quantification of naphthenic acid residual in synthetic produced water after adsorption with textile fiber

A água produzida (AP) na extração de petróleo representa um potencial impacto ambiental devido ao seu descarte, muitas vezes sem tratamentos adequados para a remoção de contaminantes. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um método de quantificação de ácido naftênico (AN) em AP sintética. O método desenvolvido baseou-se na extração do AN em meio orgânico seguido de leituras em FTIR. O método proposto demonstrou reprodutibilidade com curva de calibração com coeficiente de correlação acima de 0,99

Association between Chronotype and Nutritional, Clinical and Sociobehavioral Characteristics of Adults Assisted by a Public Health Care System in Brazil

Chronotype (CT) has been associated with predisposition to chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs), such as diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the effects of CT on individuals assisted by public health systems (PHSs) in middle-up economies are still poorly explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between CT and clinical, sociobehavioral and nutritional aspects in adults assisted by a PHS in Brazil. This is a population-based cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 380 individuals, selected through probabilistic sampling by clusters, in all health units in a city of approximately 100 thousand inhabitants. Data collection was performed during home visits, by means of general and nutritional interviews, anthropometric measurements and the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Statistical analysis comprised chi-square test and principal component analysis (CPA) followed by Fisher’s discriminant analysis to determine aspects associated with each CT (morning, evening or intermediate). With the aim of explaining the variation in the CT scores, the consumption of micronutrients (corrected to the total energy intake) and other individual and sociodemographic variables were used as explanatory factors in the adjustment of a linear regression model. The morning group was characterized by older men, with less than eight years of schooling, with low body mass index (BMI) and with low intake of omega-6, omega-3, sodium, zinc, thiamine, pyridoxine and niacin. The evening group, on the other hand, was composed of younger individuals, with a high consumption of these same nutrients, with high BMI and a higher frequency of heart diseases (p < 0.05). It was concluded that most morning CT individuals were elderly thin males with lower consumption of omega-6 and -3, sodium, zinc, thiamine, pyridoxine and niacin, whereas evening individuals were younger, had higher BMI and had higher consumption of the studied micronutrients. The identification of circadian and behavioral risk groups can help to provide preventive and multidisciplinary health promotion measures

Chromenes from leaves of Calea pinnatifida and evaluation of their leishmanicidal activity

Calea pinnatifida (R. Br.) Less., Asteraceae, is popularly known as &#8220;quebra-tudo&#8221;, &#8220;cipó-cruz&#8221; or &#8220;aruca&#8221;. This species is used in the folk medicine for the treatment of stomach pain, giardiasis and amoebiasis. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify chromenes from leaves of C. pinnatifida and evaluate their leishmanicidal activity. A fraction from leaves of C. pinnatifida was analyzed for their chemical constituents, resulting in the isolation and characterization of four known chromenes: 6-acetyl-7-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromene (1), 6-acetyl-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene (2), 6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene (3) and 6-(1-ethoxyethyl)-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene (4). Structure identification of isolated compounds involved analysis of spectral data of 1D and 2D-NMR. The isolated compounds are here reported for the first time in C. pinnatifida, and the chromenes 1 and 3 show a moderate leishmanicidal activity

Desenvolvimento de método para determinação de halogênios e enxofre em esmalte para unhas

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um método analítico adequado para a determinação de halogênios e enxofre em esmaltes para unhas, utilizando a MIC como método de preparo de amostras e a IC-MS como técnica de determinação

Morphology of the Diaphragm Muscle in Southern Tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) and its Importance in Cases of Traumatic Hernia

ABSTRACT The wall of the diaphragm can be affected by changes caused by physical trauma, allowing the passage of viscera between the abdominal cavity and thoracic cavity, thus reducing the space for pulmonary expansion, leading to the formation of hernia and possible death. Thus, we aimed to characterize, size and determine the topography of the diaphragmatic muscle in the Southern Tamandua, since clinical and surgical activities in wild animals have become a reality more and more present in veterinary medicine. We used six adult animals, x-rayed and dissected, followed by collection of fragments of muscular portions for histological analysis. Initially we observed that the animals presented 17 thoracic vertebrae, 3 lumbar vertebrae and 5 sacral vertebrae. The diaphragm was conformed by three segments: sternal, costal and right and left diaphragm pillar, with presence of tendinous centre that housed the passage of the caudal vena cava, called foramen of the caudal vena cava. Dorsally to the tendinous centre, already in the muscle portion, we located the esophageal and aortic hiatus. These findings, as well as the microscopic, were equivalent to that found in the general literature also, corroborating with descriptions already carried out in other mammals’ diaphragms

Industrial steel waste as an iron source to promote heterogeneous and homogeneous oxidation/reduction reactions

This work examines the mill scale (MS) of hot rolling, a waste product formed in industrial steel processing. MS was evaluated as an iron source in promoting the oxidation of Reactive Red 120 azo dye in location-sourced and factory textile wastewater through a Fenton reaction (FR), as well as reducing hexavalent chromium species to its trivalent form in the presence of an organic ligand (citric acid). The MS was characterised by various techniques and the results showed that iron is the major compound in its composition and occurs mainly in the form of oxides (wustite, hematite and magnetite). In addition, it has ferromagnetic properties, which facilitate its separation. In the oxidation tests it was observed that acidic pH conditions promoted a positive influence on the reaction efficiency and that the presence of H2O2 can limit the leaching of iron into the solution. The best experimental conditions for colour removal from a RR 120 dye solution containing 35 mg L-1 were 15 g L-1 of MS, 0.5 mM H2O2, pH 3, 25 degrees C, 200 +/- 2 rpm and 120 min. Furthermore, the homogeneous Fenton reaction showed a significant contribution to decolourisation, but the heterogeneous phase cannot be neglected since it is predominant at the beginning of the reactions. In the continuous process, the influence of the H2O2 concentration and the feed rate was evaluated, obtaining an optimal dose of 0.5 mM H2O2 for the RR dye 120 and 0.7 mM H2O2 for the real textile effluent, with a flow rate of 0.25 mL min(-1) and pH 3 for both. Subsequently, the residue was evaluated as the source of iron in the process of reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III). An increase in the efficiency of the reaction in the presence of citric acid was observed, associated with the removal of the surface oxide layer through the formation of soluble Fe(III)-Cr(III)-ligand complexes and the consequent increase of the iron redox cycle, reducing it to sequencing the reduction of chromium. 100% reduction was obtained in 30 min of reaction using 20 g L-1 of MS, at pH 3 and Cr(VI):citric acid ratio of 1:4. In continuous operation mode, 100% Cr(VI) reduction was obtained during 50 h (1.0 mL min(-1) flow rate), dropping to 20% with increasing flow rate to 4.0 mL min-1 after 200 h of assay