Near Infrared Raman Spectroscopy To Detect The Calcification Of The Annular Mitral Valve

Cardiac valves are subjected to high repetitive mechanical stresses, particularly at the hinge points of the cusps and leaflets d ue to the over 40 millions cardiac cycles per year. These delicate structures can suffer cumulative lesions, complicated by the deposition of calcium phosphate mineral, which may lead to clinically important disease. Near Infrared Raman Spectroscopy gives important information about biological tissues composition and it is being used for diagnosis of some pathologies. The aim of this work was to detect trough the use of the Raman Spectroscopy technique the mitral annular calcification. A Ti:saphire laser operating at the near infrared wavelength of 785 nm was used for the excitation of the valve samples and the Raman radiation was detected by an optical spectrometer with a CCD liquid nitrogen cooled detector. In all, ten samples of normal and pathologic tissues were studied. They were approximately squared with the lateral size of 5 mm. It was observed that the Raman spectrum of the calcified mitral valve showed different behavior, when compared to normal tissues. Results indicate that this technique could be used to detect the deposition of the calcium phosphate mineral over the mitral valve.5622PART 16266Christensen, G., Cardiovascular and renal effects of atrial natriuretic factor (1993) Scand J. Clin Lab Invest, 53, pp. 203-207Peters, N.S., Cardiac arrhythmogenesis and the gap junction (1995) J Mol Cell Cardiol., 27, pp. 37-40Hanlon, E.B., Prospect for "in vivo" Raman spectroscopy (2000) Phys. Med. Biol., 45, pp. R1-59Lucas, A., Development of an avian model for restenosis (1996) Atherosclerosis, 119, pp. 17-41Sathaiah, S., Silveira Jr., L., Pasqualucci, C.A., Zangaro, R.A., Chavantes, M.C., Mtt, P., Correlated diagnosis of atherosclerosis with non-invasive Raman spectroscopy and pathological techniques (1996) International Laser Congress, p. 72. , GreeceSathaiah, S., Pasqualucci, C.A., Mtt, P., Application of near Infrared Raman spectroscopy for less invasive diagnosis of atherosclerosis (1997) Proc. International Conference on Lasers, 97. , U.S.AManoharan, R., UV resonance Raman spectroscopy for detection of colon cancer (1995) Lasers in Life Sci., 6, pp. 217-249Boustany, N.N., Analysis of normal and diseased colon mucosa using ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy (1996) Proceedings of SPIE, 2679, pp. 66-70. , Advances in Lasers and Light Spectroscopy to Diagnose Cancer and other Diseases III: Optical Biopsy, San Jose CAPilotto, S., Mtt, P., Silveira Jr., L., Balbin Villaverde, A., Zangaro, R.A., Analysis of near-infrared Raman Spectroscopy as a new technique for a transcutaneous non-invasive diagnosis of blood components (2001) Laser Med. Sci, 16, pp. 2-9Jianan, Y., Wilson, B.C., Suria, D., Concentration measurements of multiple analytes in human sera by near-infrared laser Raman spectroscopy (1999) Appl Opt, 38 (25), pp. 5491-5497Berger, A., Koo, T.W., Itzhan, I., Horowitz, G., Feld, M.S., Multicomponent blood analysis by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy (1999) Appl Opt, 38 (13), pp. 2916-2916Otero, E.U., Sathaiah, S., Silveira Jr., L., Pma, P., Cag, P., Raman spectroscopy for diagnosis of calcification in human heart valves (2004) Spectroscopy: An International Journal, 18 (1), pp. 75-84Stone, N., Near-infrared Raman Spectroscopy for classification of epithelial pre-cancers and cancers (2002) J. Raman Spectrosc, 33, pp. 564-57

Increasing genetic variability in black oats using gamma irradiation

The black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) is commonly used for forage, soil cover, and green manure. Despite its importance, little improvement has been made to this species, leading to high levels of genotypic disuniformity within commercial cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of different doses of gamma rays [ ^60 Co] applied to black oat seeds on the increase of genetic variability of agronomic traits. We applied doses of 0, 10, 50, 100, and 200 Gy to the genotype ALPHA 94087 through exposure to [ ^60 Co]. Two experiments were conducted in the winter of 2008. The first aimed to test forage trait measurements such as plant height, dry matter yield, number of surviving tillers, and seedling stand. The second test assessed seed traits, such as yield and dormancy levels. Gamma irradiation seems not to increase seed yield in black oats, but it was effective in generating variability for the other traits. Tiller number and plant height are important selection traits to increase dry matter yield. Selection in advanced generations of mutant populations can increase the probability of identifying superior genotypes

Genetic diversity and coefficient of parentage between clones and sugarcane varieties in Brazil

The success of the development of new sugarcane varieties is associated with the ability to correctly select the genitor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity between 113 clones and sugarcane varieties using the Ward-modified location model procedure with added information about the coefficient of parentage and endogamy. In this study, data was used from 100 experiments that evaluated clones; the experimental phase was conducted in 70 places between the years 2002 and 2009 on the outlining in random blocks. According to the diversity analysis, 3 groups formed: G1, G2, and G3, which were composed of 58, 8, and 47 genotypes, respectively. The clones of groups G1 and G3 were the most outstanding. Thus, biparental crossbreeding involving clones and varieties of these 2 groups can efficiently obtain transgressive genotypes. Knowledge of the heterotypic groups indicated by the Ward-modified location model method, along with the parentage information, will make it a lot easier to define the desirable and undesirable crossbreeds for public and private breeding programs that develop sugarcane varieties

Genetic diversity in sugarcane varieties in Brazil based on the Ward-Modified Location Model clustering strategy

We evaluated the genetic diversity of 77 clones of sugarcane used in crosses made by the Brazilian interuniversity network for the development of the sugar/energy sector (RIDESA) breeding program. Characterization of the genotypes was carried out at the ratoon stage, based on eight morphological traits and seven agronomic traits. Diversity analysis was carried out beginning with the Ward-Modified Location Model. The ideal number of groups was three. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were composed of 37, 21, and 19 accessions, respectively. Group 1 was formed entirely of commercial varieties (hybrids of advanced generations) and elite clones, with the exception of the old varieties 'Caiana Fita' and 'Cana Blanca' (hybrids of Saccharum officinarum). In general, group 2 had more divergent accessions regarding origin, including L60-14, NG57-6, TUC77-42, IN84-105 (hybrid of S. officinarum), and 28NG289 (species of S. robustum). Group 3 was formed entirely of commercial varieties and elite clones from the RIDESA program, with the exception of genotypes Co285 (India), Q124 (Australia) and VAT90-212 (unknown origin). The analysis based on the Ward-Modified Location Model procedure resulted in an adequate and clearly discriminating grouping of sugarcane accessions, allowing the use of all the available information about the genotypes, in a mix of continuous and categorical variable

Selection between and within full-sib sugarcane families using the modified BLUPIS method (BLUPISM)

The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of a modification of the simulated individual best linear unbiased prediction (BLUPIS) procedure, which is used for the approximation of classic individuals (BLUPI) for selection between and within sugarcane families. A total of 110 full-sib families were employed in an experiment initiated in 2007 using a randomized block design with five replicates. The variable tons of stalks per hectare was measured from a plot containing 20 plants. The modified BLUPIS (BLUPISM) procedure showed a 0.98 correlation with BLUPI, thus demonstrating great efficiency in selecting individuals in sugarcane families during the initial phase of genetic breeding programs

Selfing confirmation in sugarcane by using simple sequence repeat markers: an individual reciprocal recurrent selection scheme

Superior inbred clones selected in S1 families can integrate an individual reciprocal recurrent selection program in sugarcane by eliminating the genetic load of the population and exploring superior hybrid combinations. Molecular markers can be used for reliable identification of the true selfing-derived clones in these S1 populations. The objective of this study was to confirm true self-fertilized individuals in sugarcane families using microsatellite markers aimed at the use of self-fertilized plants in an individual reciprocal recurrent selection strategy. Self-fertilized individuals from five cultivars were genotyped with eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The markers generated 62 polymorphic markers, with an average of seven polymorphic alleles across the cultivars tested. Three loci revealed highly informative bands and were used to assess the level of selfing in five S1 families. Selfing in these families ranged from 71.7 to 97.6%. The SSR loci provide a reliable and accurate method to identify S1 progenies in sugarcane crosses and can be used as a tool to assist selection strategies in sugarcane breeding programs