Carotid artery endarterectomy : analysis of 100 consecutive cases

Os autores relatam sua experiência com as últimas 100 endarterectomias de carótida realizadas no HCPA de janeiro de 1993 a junho de 1997 sob anestesia geral e sem outro procedimento cirúrgico associado. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto ao sexo, fatores de risco pré-operatórios, uso de remendo (patch) e derivação temporária (shunt), estenose hemodinâmica ou oclusão contralateral e complicações pós-operatórias imediatas. Foi utilizado o protocolo do Serviço de Cirurgia Vascular. O shunt foi indicado quando a mensuração da pressão retrógrada na carótida interna era 70%. Oitenta e dois casos apresentaram evento isquêmico ipsilateral prévio, e 18 eram assintomáticos. Utilizou-se patch em 13 e shunt em 15 pacientes. Vinte e um pacientes tinham DBPOC e 52 cardiopatia isquêmica, 32 eram diabéticos e 84 tinham HAS. No pós-operatório imediato 2 pacientes previamente sintomáticos (um acidente isquêmico transitório e um acidente vascular cerebral) desenvolveram AVC isquêmico ipsilateral. Para o controle da pressão arterial no pós-operatório, 27 pacientes necessitaram de nitroprussiato de sódio. Observou-se hematoma em 6 casos, cefaléia em 4, sem a presença de convulsões, e uma lesão de nervo periférico. Não ocorreu óbito nesta série. O índice de complicações neurológicas observado (2%), sem óbito, está dentro dos padrões internacionais e justificam o protocolo em uso.The outcome of 100 consecutive carotid endarterectomies performed in the HCPA, from january 1993 until june 1997 is analized. The patients were analyzed accordingly to sex, pre-operative risks, shunt and patch use, contralateral stenosis or occlusion and early post-operative complications. A predetermined protocol regarding shunt and patch use was established. The shunt was indicated when the retrograde pression in the lCA was lower than 50% of mean arterial pressure or < 40% without oscillations and the patch was indicated when the internaI carotid artery diameter was < 4 mm. Siexty two patients were males and 35females. Twenty three had bilateral hemodynamic stenosis or occlusion. An internaI shunt was used in 15 patients and patch in others 13. A total of 82 cases had an ischemic encephalic event (AIT or stroke) and 18 were asymptomatic. Twenty one patients had symptomatic pulmonary obstrutive disease, 52 patients had coronary symptoms, 32 had diabetes and 84 where receiving drugs to treat systemic hypertension. Two patients in the symptomatic group had postoperative stroke. To control postoperative hypertension 27 patients where treated with sodium nitroprussiate. Six hematomas and 4 severe headaches as part ofhyperperfusion syndrome where observed. One local nerve injury was detected. There was no obits in this group ofpatients. The lower index ofneurologic complications (2%) and the absence ofdeaths observed with our protocol are in accordance with international standards and justify its routine use

Characterization of the fuji apple drying in thin layer: determination of glucose content, color and production

The aim of this work was to study the convective drying of Fuji apple (Mallus percicae) in thin layer and to evaluate the characteristics of the dried product. The air flow was perpendicular through the samples with air velocity of 1.5 m s-1. The study factors were the air temperature (60, 70 and 80ºC), sample thickness (3,4 and 5 mm) and citric acid solution concentration (0, 0.5 and 1 %). The glucose content and the samples color were found through spectrophotometer method. Five empirical models were used to evaluate the experimental data of the drying process. The fit of the drying data for the estimate of drying constant (K) showed high values of correlation for all models (R2 > 0.99). The Henderson-Pabis model was chosen for determination of the moisture average effective diffusivity (Deff). Through the surface response methodology, it was found that the samples with higher production and better physical-chemical characteristics was in conditions of air temperature at 70ºC, sample thickness of 3 mm and citric acid solution concentration of 1%

The first 62 AGNs observed with SDSS-IV MaNGA : I. Their characterization and definition of a control sample

We report the characterization of the first 62 Mapping Nearby Galaxies at the Apache Point Observatory active galactic nuclei (AGNs) hosts and the definition of a control sample of non-active galaxies. This control sample was selected in order to match the AGN hosts in terms of stellar mass, redshift, visual morphology and inclination. The stellar masses are in the range 9.4 < log M/M < 11.5, and most objects have redshifts ≤0.08. The AGN sample is mostly comprised low-luminosity AGN, with only 17 ‘strong AGN’ with L([O III]λ5007 Å) ≥ 3.8 × 1040 erg s−1. The inner 1–3 kpc of the control sample galaxies are dominated by the oldest (≥ 4Gyr) component, with a small contribution of intermediate age and young stars (<940 Myr). Examining the relationship between the stellar population properties and L([O III]), we find that with increasing L([O III]), the AGN exhibit a decreasing contribution from the oldest stellar population relative to control galaxies and an increasing contribution from the younger components (∼40 Myr).We also find a correlation of the mean age differences (AGN–control) with L([O III]), in the sense that more luminous AGNs are younger than the control objects, while the low-luminosity AGNs are older. These results support a connection between the growth of the galaxy bulge via formation of new stars and the growth of the Supermassive Black Hole via accretion in the AGN phase