Literary representation of memory and consequences of the transition to democracy in post-Franco Galician society: a study of the novel O tempo en ningunha parte, by Xosé Manuel Martínez Oca

[Resumo] O presente traballo sitúase nunha das interseccións entre o ámbito dos estudos literarios e os estudos da memoria cultural e toma como obxecto de estudo a novela galega O tempo en ningunha parte (2003), de Xosé Manuel Martínez Oca, publicada no contexto do boom memorialista que se desenvolve en España a partir do 2000. A través do estudo da representación literaria da memoria ou «mímese de memoria» na novela, pretendemos comprender os procesos e dinámicas culturais que o recordo da guerra civil e o franquismo provocou na sociedade de 1985, ben como o discurso que a novela emite no debate contemporáneo sobre o pasado que ten lugar na esfera pública. O tempo en ningunha parte reflicte as consecuencias das políticas de esquecemento da Transición a través do silencio sobre o pasado que envolve toda a trama de investigación. Ao tempo, a novela propón unha lectura crítica do proceso de democratización en Galiza e no conxunto do Estado español. Mediante a mímese de memoria, o autor adianta os conflitos pola memoria que se desenvolverán en España desde o 2000 e posiciónase de forma clara e crítica co discurso que proxecta no propio debate público sobre a interpretación e xestión do pasado traumático recente.[Abstract] The present work is situated at the intersection between literary studies and cultural memory studies. The object of the study is O tempo en ningunha parte (2003), a Galician novel written by Xosé Manuel Martínez Oca. It was published in the context of the memory boom in Spain since the year 2000. The literary representation of memory, or "mimesis of memory", will be studied in the novel in order to understand the processes and cultural dynamics of the memory of the Spanish Civil War and Francoism in the society of 1985. O tempo en ningunha parte reflects the consequences of the politics of forgetting in the Spanish transition to democracy in the silence about the past that involves a detective plot. In addition, the novel proposes a critical interpretation of the process of democratization in Galicia and in the whole of Spain. With the use of "mimesis of memory", the author advances the memory conflicts that will take place in Spain from 2000. The author takes sides in the public debate on the interpretation and management of the recent traumatic past

On time-varying collaboration networks

The patterns of scientific collaboration have been frequently investigated in terms of complex networks without reference to time evolution. In the present work, we derive collaborative networks (from the arXiv repository) parameterized along time. By defining the concept of affine group, we identify several interesting trends in scientific collaboration, including the fact that the average size of the affine groups grows exponentially, while the number of authors increases as a power law. We were therefore able to identify, through extrapolation, the possible date when a single affine group is expected to emerge. Characteristic collaboration patterns were identified for each researcher, and their analysis revealed that larger affine groups tend to be less stable

Three-feature model to reproduce the topology of citation networks and the effects from authors' visibility on their h-index

Various factors are believed to govern the selection of references in citation networks, but a precise, quantitative determination of their importance has remained elusive. In this paper, we show that three factors can account for the referencing pattern of citation networks for two topics, namely "graphenes" and "complex networks", thus allowing one to reproduce the topological features of the networks built with papers being the nodes and the edges established by citations. The most relevant factor was content similarity, while the other two - in-degree (i.e. citation counts) and {age of publication} had varying importance depending on the topic studied. This dependence indicates that additional factors could play a role. Indeed, by intuition one should expect the reputation (or visibility) of authors and/or institutions to affect the referencing pattern, and this is only indirectly considered via the in-degree that should correlate with such reputation. Because information on reputation is not readily available, we simulated its effect on artificial citation networks considering two communities with distinct fitness (visibility) parameters. One community was assumed to have twice the fitness value of the other, which amounts to a double probability for a paper being cited. While the h-index for authors in the community with larger fitness evolved with time with slightly higher values than for the control network (no fitness considered), a drastic effect was noted for the community with smaller fitness

Structure-semantics interplay in complex networks and its effects on the predictability of similarity in texts

There are different ways to define similarity for grouping similar texts into clusters, as the concept of similarity may depend on the purpose of the task. For instance, in topic extraction similar texts mean those within the same semantic field, whereas in author recognition stylistic features should be considered. In this study, we introduce ways to classify texts employing concepts of complex networks, which may be able to capture syntactic, semantic and even pragmatic features. The interplay between the various metrics of the complex networks is analyzed with three applications, namely identification of machine translation (MT) systems, evaluation of quality of machine translated texts and authorship recognition. We shall show that topological features of the networks representing texts can enhance the ability to identify MT systems in particular cases. For evaluating the quality of MT texts, on the other hand, high correlation was obtained with methods capable of capturing the semantics. This was expected because the golden standards used are themselves based on word co-occurrence. Notwithstanding, the Katz similarity, which involves semantic and structure in the comparison of texts, achieved the highest correlation with the NIST measurement, indicating that in some cases the combination of both approaches can improve the ability to quantify quality in MT. In authorship recognition, again the topological features were relevant in some contexts, though for the books and authors analyzed good results were obtained with semantic features as well. Because hybrid approaches encompassing semantic and topological features have not been extensively used, we believe that the methodology proposed here may be useful to enhance text classification considerably, as it combines well-established strategies

Perfil parasitológico e detecção de genes de enterotoxinas e adesinas de Escherichia coli, isoladas de fezes de bezerros no Distrito Federal, Brasil

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Animal, 2017.A diarreia, considerada uma síndrome multifatorial, é uma das principais causas de morte em bezerros. Tem como maiores agentes causadores a bactéria Gram negativa Escherichia coli, os parasitas Giárdia intestinalis e Eimeria spp., importantes enteropatógenos que causam perdas econômicas em diferentes setores do agronegócio dentre eles na bovinocultura. Comumente cepas de Escherichia coli são divididas em patotipos baseados na presença de genes que, se expressos, contribuem para a codificação de proteínas que auxiliam na aderência e patogenicidade da bactéria. E.coli enterotoxigênica (ETEC), E.coli enteropatogênica (EPEC), E.coli enterohemorrágica (EHEC), E.coli produtora de toxina shiga (STEC) e E.coli necrotoxigênica (NTEC) são os principais patotipos que causam diarreia em bezerros. Além desses, outros patotipos estão associados à diarreia nos humanos principalmente em crianças e em pessoas imunodeprimidas como E.coli enteroinvasiva (EIEC), E.coli difusamente aderente (DAEC) e E.coli enteroagregativa (EAEC). Essas cepas possuem genes que são reconhecidos como fatores de virulência, pois são codificadores de proteínas que garantem a aderência e toxigenicidade bacteriana, aderindo na mucosa e alterando o fluxo de sinalizações dos enterócitos. Foram coletadas 83 amostras de fezes de bezerros, de ambos os sexos, no Distrito Federal de novembro e março de 2015 e de 2016, época das águas. As amostras foram submetidas ao exame parasitológico (no Laboratório de Parasitologia e Doenças Parasitárias) cultivadas em ágar sangue (no Laboratório de Microbiologia Médica Veterinária) realizado testes bioquímicos, extração do DNA e pesquisa dos genes LT-I, stx1, K99 e eae responsáveis por conferir patogenicidade a cepas de E.coli. Foram visualizados, cistos de Giardia spp., ovos de Eimeria spp., ovos de estrongilídeos e ovos de estrongiloides em 18 (21,7%), 30 (36,1%), 28 (33,7%) em apenas 8 (9,6%) respectivamente. Quantos aos genes, foram amplificados em cepas isoladas de E.coli 16 (19,3%) para eae, 6 (7,2%) para o gene de shiga toxina (stx1) e 5 (6,0%) para ambos os genes eae e stx1.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).Diarrhea, considered a multifactorial syndrome, is one of the main causes of death in calves and has the Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, parasites: Giardia intestinalis and Eimeria spp., important enteropathogens that cause economic losses in different agribusiness sectors, among them dairy and beef cattle. Commonly strains of Escherichia coli are divided into pathotypes based on their presence of genes that are expressed and contribute to proteins coding that aid in the adherence and pathogenicity of the bacteria. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), producing shiga toxin E. coli (STEC) and necrotoxigenic E. coli (NTEC). In addition, other pathotypes are associated with diarrhea in humans especially in children immunocompromised, they are enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), diffusely adherent E.coli (DAEC) and enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC). These diarrheogenic strains have genes that encode virulence factors that guarantee adherence and toxigenicity to the bacteria by attaching to the mucosa and altering the flow of enterocyte information. 83 calves faeces of both sexes were collected in the Distrito Federal during November 2015 to March 2016 during the water seasons. These samples were submitted to parasitological examination at the Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, cultivated in blood agar in the Laboratory of Veterinary Medical Microbiology, biochemical characterization, DNA extraction and genes research responsible for conferring pathogenicity to strains of pathogenic E. coli already found in other papers. Cysts of Giardia spp., Eimeria spp. oocysts strongylid eggs and strongyloid eggs in 18 (21.7%), 30 (36.1%), 28 (33.7%) in only 8 9.6%), respectively. As for the genes, they were amplified in strains isolated from E. coli 16 (19.3%) to eae, 6 (7.2%) to the shiga toxin gene (stx1) and 5 (6.0%) to both Genes eae and stx1