Early extubation and weaning with bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation after cardiac surgery (Weaning with BiPAP ventilation after cardiac surgery)

Objective(s): To evaluate the use of bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation in early extubation after fast-track cardiac surgery.Design: Prospective observational study.Setting: Postoperative intensive care.Patients: Sixty consecutive patients eligible for early extubation after cardiac surgery. Patients were predominantly male (42 men [70%]) and middle aged (54.62 ± 10.66 years).Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to continuous pressure or BiPAP (Group I or Group II, respectively) and were extubated as soon as possible.Measurements: Blood gases and haemodynamics were determined on arrival in the ICU (baseline, or T0) and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours later. All data were expressed as (±SD) and analysed using the Student t-test and Mann-Whitney test (continuous data) or χ2 test (categorical data). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Main results: PaCO2 levels were statistically significantly higher in Group II than in Group I at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Within each group, PaCO2 levels were statistically significantly higher at 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours than at baseline (P < 0.01 ).Extubation time was significantly longer in Group I than in Group II 7.90 (7.90 [2.13] vs 3.83 [1.20], P=0.001). Respiratory rates were significantly higher in Group II than in Group I after 2, 4, and 6 hours (P < 0.01). Pmax was higher in Group I than in Group II after 1 hour but similar up to 4 hours.Conclusions: Early extubation and weaning to BiPAP ventilation after cardiac surgery is safe and effective

Physcomitrella patens DCL3 Is Required for 22–24 nt siRNA Accumulation, Suppression of Retrotransposon-Derived Transcripts, and Normal Development

Endogenous 24 nt short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), derived mostly from intergenic and repetitive genomic regions, constitute a major class of endogenous small RNAs in flowering plants. Accumulation of Arabidopsis thaliana 24 nt siRNAs requires the Dicer family member DCL3, and clear homologs of DCL3 exist in both flowering and non-flowering plants. However, the absence of a conspicuous 24 nt peak in the total RNA populations of several non-flowering plants has raised the question of whether this class of siRNAs might, in contrast to the ancient 21 nt microRNAs (miRNAs) and 21–22 nt trans-acting siRNAs (tasiRNAs), be an angiosperm-specific innovation. Analysis of non-miRNA, non-tasiRNA hotspots of small RNA production within the genome of the moss Physcomitrella patens revealed multiple loci that consistently produced a mixture of 21–24 nt siRNAs with a peak at 23 nt. These Pp23SR loci were significantly enriched in transposon content, depleted in overlap with annotated genes, and typified by dense concentrations of the 5-methyl cytosine (5 mC) DNA modification. Deep sequencing of small RNAs from two independent Ppdcl3 mutants showed that the P. patens DCL3 homolog is required for the accumulation of 22–24 nt siRNAs, but not 21 nt siRNAs, at Pp23SR loci. The 21 nt component of Pp23SR-derived siRNAs was also unaffected by a mutation in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase mutant Pprdr6. Transcriptome-wide, Ppdcl3 mutants failed to accumulate 22–24 nt small RNAs from repetitive regions while transcripts from two abundant families of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon-associated reverse transcriptases were up-regulated. Ppdcl3 mutants also displayed an acceleration of leafy gametophore production, suggesting that repetitive siRNAs may play a role in the development of P. patens. We conclude that intergenic/repeat-derived siRNAs are indeed a broadly conserved, distinct class of small regulatory RNAs within land plants

Neosivasella sungurlui, a new genus and species from the Upper Paleocene of southeast Turkey

A new foraminifer genus Neosivasella n. gen. and species N. sungurlui n. sp., showing some similarities to the Sivasella monolateralis Sirel and Gunduz, is here described from the Upper Thanetian rocks of the Southeast Turkey. The genus is included in the family Lepidorbitoididae

Crystal Structure of 4-[(4-Ethyl-5-Phenyl-4H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)Sulfanyl]Phthalonitrile

Vazquez-Lopez, Ezequiel M./0000-0002-6012-0931; AKCAY, Hakki Turker/0000-0002-8502-9608WOS: 000451645700027The structure of the 4-[(4-ethyl-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)sulfanyl]phthalonitrile titled molecule is determined by means of X-ray diffraction. the title compound has weak inter- and intramolecular C-H...N-type hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, there is a - interaction between triazole and phenyl rings.Recep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityRecep Tayyip Erdogan University [2014.101.16.01]This study was supported by Recep Tayyip Erdogan University - Research Funding - (Project no 2014.101.16.01)

Is routine intravascular shunting necessary for carotid endarterectomy in patients with contralateral occlusion? A review of 5-year experience of carotid endarterectomy with local anaesthesia

Objectives. Endarterectomy of a stenotic internal carotid artery in the presence of contralateral carotid occlusion (CCO) is Often assessed as a high-risk procedure. We have assessed the requirementfor shunting in patients with CCO operated under local anaesthetic