An Integral Sliding Mode Stator Current Control for Industrial Induction Motor

An integral sliding mode control (ISMC) for stator currents of the induction motor (IM) is developed in this work. The proposed controller is developed in the d-q synchronous reference frame, by using the indirect field-oriented control (FOC) method. Robust asymptotic tracking of stator current components in the presence of model uncertainties and current coupling disturbance terms has been guaranteed by using an enhanced ISMC surface. More precisely, the stationary error of stator currents has been eliminated, and the accuracy of the regulators has been enhanced. According to the Lyapunov approach, it has been proven that the stator currents tracking happens asymptotically, and consequently, the stability of each loop has been demonstrated. Simulation and experimental results show the capability of the new controller in diminishing system chattering and increasing the robustness of the designed scheme, considering the variation of the plant parameters and current disturbance terms. It has been illustrated that compared with the conventional ISMC and PI regulators, the proposed current controllers provide smoother control actions and excellent dynamics. In addition, because of the precise control over the rotor flux, the rotor flux weakening method is employed to run the motor at a higher speed than the rated value.The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) [grant number PIF 18/127] has funded the research in this paper

Book review: Ralph R. Frerichs: Deadly river - Cholera and cover-up in post-earthquake

As most of PV systems, CPV systems are also affected by mismatching losses, particularly due to misalignment of optics and receivers. As a result, module level power electronics can help to increase their energy yield by making every CPV module deliver it maximum power at the output. Among the different alternatives, solutions based on DC power optimizers exhibit higher conversion efficiencies and lower costs than microinverters. However, while microinverters ensure optimal operation independently from the operating conditions, system design with DC power optimizers must be carefully examined to avoid potential underperformance. This paper describes not only the customized design and validation of a high-efficiency and economical DC power optimizer for HCPV systems, but also a comprehensive analysis of the whole system design to optimize its production under expected working conditions.Main design specifications (electrical parameters of module and number of modules per tracker), as well as supporting information for mismatching losses estimation, have been provided by ASSE within CPVMatch project. This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme within the project CPVMatch under grant agreement No 640873

Correlative 3D cryo X-ray imaging reveals intracellular location and effect of designed antifibrotic protein-nanomaterial hybrids

© 2021 The Author(s).Revealing the intracellular location of novel therapeutic agents is paramount for the understanding of their effect at the cell ultrastructure level. Here, we apply a novel correlative cryo 3D imaging approach to determine the intracellular fate of a designed protein–nanomaterial hybrid with antifibrotic properties that shows great promise in mitigating myocardial fibrosis. Cryo 3D structured illumination microscopy (cryo-3D-SIM) pinpoints the location and cryo soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) reveals the ultrastructural environment and subcellular localization of this nanomaterial with spatial correlation accuracy down to 70 nm in whole cells. This novel high resolution 3D cryo correlative approach unambiguously locates the nanomaterial after overnight treatment within multivesicular bodies which have been associated with endosomal trafficking events by confocal microscopy. Moreover, this approach allows assessing the cellular response towards the treatment by evaluating the morphological changes induced. This is especially relevant for the future usage of nanoformulations in clinical practices. This correlative super-resolution and X-ray imaging strategy joins high specificity, by the use of fluorescence, with high spatial resolution at 30 nm (half pitch) provided by cryo-SXT in whole cells, without the need of staining or fixation, and can be of particular benefit to locate specific molecules in the native cellular environment in bio-nanomedicine.This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 754397. This work was partially supported by the European Research Council ERC-CoG-648071-ProNANO, ERC-PoC-841063-NIMM; Spanish State Research Agency, Spain; (BIO2015-72124-EXP), (MDM-2017-0720), (PID2019-111649RB-I00) and (RTI2018-095214-B-I00); the Basque Government (Elkartek KK-2017/00008; RIS3-2019222005); and the Next Generation and Innovation Valdecilla (PREVAL19/05), (IDIVAL INNVAL17/22), (INNVAL20/34), (NVAL18/11) and (NextVal 18/14). This work was performed under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program from the Spanish State Research Agency – Grant No. MDM-2017-0720 (CIC biomaGUNE)

Iron-Based Core-Shell Nanowires for Combinatorial Drug Delivery and Photothermal and Magnetic Therapy

Combining different therapies into a single nanomaterial platform is a promising approach for achieving more efficient, less invasive, and personalized treatments. Here, we report on the development of such a platform by utilizing nanowires with an iron core and iron oxide shell as drug carriers and exploiting their optical and magnetic properties. The iron core has a large magnetization, which provides the foundation for low-power magnetic manipulation and magnetomechanical treatment. The iron oxide shell enables functionalization with doxorubicin through a pH-sensitive linker, providing selective intracellular drug delivery. Combined, the core–shell nanostructure features an enhanced light–matter interaction in the near-infrared region, resulting in a high photothermal conversion efficiency of >80% for effective photothermal treatment. Applied to cancer cells, the collective effect of the three modalities results in an extremely efficient treatment with nearly complete cell death (∼90%). In combination with the possibility of guidance and detection, this platform provides powerful tools for the development of advanced treatments.This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (BIO2016-77367-C2-1-R, MAT2017-85617-R, SEV-2016-0686 and MAT2016-81955-REDT), the Basque Government (Elkartek KK-2017/00008), and Madrid Regional Government (PEJ-2017-AI/IND-6283). This work was performed under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program from the Spanish State Research Agency—Grant No. MDM-2017-0720 (CIC biomaGUNE). C.L.-P. acknowledges financial support from CAM (PEJ-2017-AI/IND-6283)