Lo specchio come strumento di riflessione del Sé e sul Sé

Gli studi sperimentali sulla nascita della consapevolezza di sé nel bambino sono stati condotti a partire dall’osservazione “casuale” dell’atteggiamento di perplessità dei piccoli davanti allo specchio. La visione della propria immagine riflessa, non ancora conosciuta, se nel primo anno di vita produce una reazione sociale, analoga a quella osservabile ponendo un bambino di fronte ad un altro, successivamente, grazie alla scoperta della contingenza dei movimenti, lascia spazio a smarrimento, inquietudine, e infine alla scoperta della propria identità e dell’esistenza di uno spazio virtuale. L’articolo ripercorre gli studi pionieristici di René Zazzo, psicologo evolutivista francese, sull’utilizzo dello specchio e di altre superfici riflettenti per la conoscenza di sé, e mostra come oggi, sulla scia di tali studi, siano possibili interventi finalizzati a sollecitare nei bambini, attraverso giochi con la propria immagine riflessa nello specchio, una “riflessione” o meditazione ragionata su di sé e sulle diverse identità possibili.The first experimental studies on the emergence of self-awareness in children have been conducted from the "casual" observation of the attitude of concern shown by toddlers in front of a mirror. The view of their as yet unknown reflection in the first year of life produces a reaction of a social nature, similar to that observed by placing one child in front of another; later, thanks to the discovery of the contingency of movement, it causes a sort of bewilderment and anxiety, which gradually leads to the discovery of their own identity and the existence of a virtual space. The paper aims to trace the pioneering and still current studies of René Zazzo, the French developmental psychologist, about the use of mirrors and other reflective surfaces for self-knowledge, and to show how today, in the wake of these studies, they are possible interventions to encourage in children, through games with their own images in the mirror, a " reflection period " or a rational meditation upon themselves and their various possible identities

Exploring the link among state of mind concerning childhood attachment, attachment in close relationships, parental bonding, and psychopathological symptoms in substance users

In the present study, we have explored the link among styles of attachment and psychopathology in drug users. We know that insecure attachment predisposes the individuals the development of drug-addiction and psychopathological symptoms. However, we do not know which attachment is more frequent in drug users and which is related to particular psychopathological symptoms. The aim of the present work is to explore the relationship between childhood attachment state of mind, attachment in close relationships, parental bonding and psychopathology in sample of Italian substance users

The World Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis: A Manuscript\u27s Journey from Saint-Denis to St. Pancras

The heart of this book is the biography of a manuscript codex, British Library Royal MS 13 E IV: the Latin Chronicle (Creation to 1300) of Guillaume de Nangis, copied in the abbey library of St-Denis-en-France. This volume was used as evidence in the legal and political battles of the French royal family until it came into the treasure of Jean, duc de Berry. In 1416 it vanished from Paris and France. Modern British scholarship has placed it in the library of King Henry VIII, whose autograph notes appear in its margins. The authors show how it traveled from one capital to the other, narrating the entire life and interesting times of this codex. Another dimension of this study accounts for all twenty-two copies of the Chronicle, now scattered in nine cities from London to Vienna, by placing each one in a scrupulously drawn stemma codicum and sketching its history.https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mip_rmemc/1010/thumbnail.jp

Solitude and loneliness profiles in early adolescents: A person-centred approach

Objectives. In early adolescence, developmental tasks lead boys and girls to oscillate between the search for and the fear of solitude, between feelings of loneliness and the need for peer contact. Adopting a multidimensional and person-centred approach, the aim of the present study was to distinguish different clusters related to profiles of solitude attitudes and loneliness and to evaluate the role of relational and socio-demographic variables as predictors of cluster belonging. Methods. Measures of loneliness, attitudes towards aloneness, friendship quality, self-esteem and rejection sensitivity were collected in a population of 656 Italian native and immigrant early adolescents. Results. Three clusters emerged, differently predicted by relational and socio-demographic variables. An adaptive and normative profile was found for the Aversion to aloneness and the Constructive solitude clusters, while a more maladaptive profile emerged for the Non-Constructive solitude cluster. Conclusions. The results are discussed in the light of the developmental challenges that early adolescents face

An iterative solution approach for truck routing and scheduling in the forest industry

Log transportation in forest industry is a resource-intensive operation and represents a great challenge for logistic planners. Several trips must be generated in order to satisfy plants demand; in addition, trucks arrivals at each plant must be considered in order to avoid unproductive waiting times. In the Argentine context, specifically in the Argentinean Northeast (NEA) region, these activities represent the main sustenance of the regional economies, so enhancing efficiency in the transport operation would represent a considerable improvement for these economies. In this work, an iterative solution approach for the truck routing and scheduling problems is presented. The proposed strategy involves two stages which are iteratively solved: product allocation, trip composition and truck routing problems are first solved through a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model (MILP), while in the second stage, fixing the route for each truck according to the results of the previous step, a MILP model for the scheduling of truck arrivals at plants is considered. If no feasible solution for the scheduling problem is obtained, then an integer cut is applied in order to exclude from the search space truck routes already explored in previous iterations. The solution approach is tested in a case study representative of the Argentine context and conclusions are detailed.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

An iterative solution approach for truck routing and scheduling in the forest industry

Log transportation in forest industry is a resource-intensive operation and represents a great challenge for logistic planners. Several trips must be generated in order to satisfy plants demand; in addition, trucks arrivals at each plant must be considered in order to avoid unproductive waiting times. In the Argentine context, specifically in the Argentinean Northeast (NEA) region, these activities represent the main sustenance of the regional economies, so enhancing efficiency in the transport operation would represent a considerable improvement for these economies. In this work, an iterative solution approach for the truck routing and scheduling problems is presented. The proposed strategy involves two stages which are iteratively solved: product allocation, trip composition and truck routing problems are first solved through a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model (MILP), while in the second stage, fixing the route for each truck according to the results of the previous step, a MILP model for the scheduling of truck arrivals at plants is considered. If no feasible solution for the scheduling problem is obtained, then an integer cut is applied in order to exclude from the search space truck routes already explored in previous iterations. The solution approach is tested in a case study representative of the Argentine context and conclusions are detailed.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Supply chain planning considering the production of defective products

When the markets become more competitive, the customer satisfaction level starts to be a more important factor. One of the principal components to achieve the customer satisfaction is to minimize the amount of defective or non-standard products. Therefore, it is convenient to consider decisions about product quality when the supply chain is planned. In this work, a mixed integer linear programming mathematical (MILP) model is developed for the supply chain planning, which determines impact of different decisions over the expected number of defective products. These decisions are: supplier selection, inbound control methods selection, and production process selection. The ob-jective function is the cost minimization associated to the supply chain planning.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativa (SADIO