Intestinal absorption of iron and calcium from soy and cow's milk-based infant formulas in weanling rats pups

Objective This study aimed to compare the intestinal absorption of iron and calcium between soy-based and cow's milk- based infant formulas in weanling rats. Methods Twenty male Wistar rats, twenty-one days old on the first day of weaning, were used in this experiment, divided in two Groups, one Group was fed soy protein-based infant formula the other, cow's milk protein-based infant formula. During the study period (ten consecutive days) the animals received food and water ad libitum. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were evaluated on the first, fifth, and tenth days by the Wintrobe and cyanomethemoglobin methods. Feces and urine were collected, beginning on the fifth day, for three consecutive days. On the tenth day, hepatic iron content was also analyzed. Hepatic iron as well as fecal and urinary iron and calcium analyses were performed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. At thirty-one days of age, the animals were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine and sacrificed by exsanguination via the vena cava. Results The final concentration of hemoglobin in the group soy-based infant formula and milk-based infant formula were: 10.3 +/- 1.3g/dL and 10.9 +/- 1.0g/dL (p=0.310). The apparent absorption of iron and calcium, in that order, were: 73.4 +/- 10.2% and 70.2 +/- 9.5%97.2 +/- 0.7% and 97.6 +/- 1.0% (p=0.501p=0.290). The apparent calcium retention was: 88.4%+/- 2.2 and 88.6 +/- 2.6%(p=0.848). Hepatic iron content was: 522.0 +/- 121.1mg/g and 527.8 +/- 80.5mg/g (p=0.907). Conclusion Intestinal iron and calcium absorption from soy-based infant formula is similar to that from milk-based infant formula in weanling rats.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Pediat, R Coronel Lisboa,826,Vila Clementino, BR-04020041 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Lab Bromotol & Microbiol Alimentos, BR-04020041 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria. R. Coronel Lisboa, 826, Vila Clementino, 04020-041, São Paulo, SP, BrasilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratório de Bromotologia e Microbiologia de Alimentos. São Paulo, SP, BrasilWeb of Scienc

Bebida À Base De Soja E Leite De Vaca Com E Sem Suplementação De Frutooligossacarídeos: Análise Da Absorção Intestinal De Cálcio E Ferro Em Ratos Recém-Desmamados

Introduction: Considering the need for adequate intake of calcium and iron, especially for children, the present study is based on the argument that there is a loss in the bioavailability of calcium and iron in soy beverage and it may lead to deleterious effects to the health of this population, given the growing market demand for these soy beverages with appeal to the pediatric population as a substitute for cow's milk. Recent studies have shown the benefits associated with ingestion of prebiotics in mineral absorption. Objective: Verify the effect of the soy beverage in relation to cow's milk supplemented or not with FOS on possible mechanisms related to the intestinal absorption of calcium and iron. Material and Methods: On the first day, weanling male Wistar rats were divided into four similar groups for weight and length, receiving exclusively the following: 1) cow's milk without lactose (LV); 2) lactose-free cow's milk with FOS (0.8 g/100 mL) (LVF); 3) soy beverage (BS); and 4) soy beverage with FOS (0.8g/100mL) (BSF). During the experiment, weight and length were again analyzed, stool and urine collection was performed for 72 hours, and fecal occult blood was investigated in all animals. After 1 week, blood from the heart was collected and the animals were euthanized. The contents of the cecum, and the segments of the duodenum, cecum, colon and liver were removed. Dosages of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum calcium and 25(OH)D were performed. Protein expression of DMT-1 (Divalent Metal Transporter), ferroportin and Dcyt-b (Cytochrome B Reductase) in intestinal segments was evaluated by Western Blotting. The cecal pH and hepatic iron content were evaluated. Concentrations of sodium, urea and creatinine were determined in the urine. The carcasses were eviscerated and used for fat and protein determination. Results: At the end of the experiment, the hemoglobin of the LVF and BS groups was significantly higher when compared to the LV group (p=0.003 and p<0.001). The BSF group presented higher hemoglobin in comparison to the LVF group (p <0.001). The hematocrit in the LVF and BS groups was higher in relation to the LV group (p=0.010 and p<0.001) and the BSF group was higher in relation to the BS and LVF groups (p=0.013 and p<0.001). The apparent absorption of iron in the LV group was significantly higher when compared to the BS group (p<0.05) and in the LVF group it was higher in relation to the BSF group (p<0.05). The DMT-1 protein expression in the duodenum was significantly higher in the BSF group than the BS and LVF groups (p=0.005 and p=0.001). The apparent absorption and retention of calcium in the LV group was significantly higher when compared to the BS group (p<0.001), and the LVF group was higher in relation to the BSF group (p<0.001). 25(OH)D in the BS group was higher in comparison to the LV group (p=0.003), and the BSF group was higher in relation to the LVF group (p=0.032). The fresh stool weight of the BS and LVF groups were higher than in the LV group (p<0.001 and p<0.001), and in the BSF group was higher when compared to the BS and LVF groups (p=0.030 and p<0.001). The weight gain throughout the experiment was significantly higher in the LV group compared to the BS group (p=0.005) and in the LVF group compared to the BSF group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The intestinal absorption of calcium is lower with soy beverage than cow's milk. The group soy beverage had a higher concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit despite the lower apparent absorption of iron. Supplementation with FOS provided a beneficial effect on hemoglobin, hematocrit and protein expression of DMT-1- in the duodenum. Still, it was possible to verify a lower growth and elimination of a greater amount of feces associated with the use of soy beverage.Introdução: Considerando a necessidade da ingestão adequada de cálcio e ferro, especialmente pela população infantil, a realização do presente estudo é justificada com base na argumentação de que existe prejuízo na biodisponibilidade de cálcio e ferro nas bebidas à base de soja, podendo acarretar em efeitos deletérios à saúde dessa população, haja vista, a crescente demanda de mercado dessas bebidas à base de soja com apelo para a população pediátrica em substituição ao leite de vaca. Por outro lado, estudos recentes têm mostrado os benefícios associados com ingestão de prebióticos na absorção mineral. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito da bebida à base de soja em relação ao leite de vaca com e sem suplementação de frutooligossacarídeos (FOS) sobre determinados mecanismos relacionados com a absorção intestinal de cálcio e ferro em ratos recém-desmamados. Material e Métodos: No primeiro dia, ratos machos Wistar, recém desmamados, foram distribuídos em quatro grupos semelhantes quanto ao peso e comprimento: 1) leite de vaca sem lactose (LV); 2) leite de vaca sem lactose com FOS (0,8 g/100mL) (LVF); 3) bebida à base de extrato de soja (BS); e 4) bebida à base de extrato de soja com FOS (0,8g/100mL) (BSF). Durante o experimento, foram analisados novamente peso e comprimento, realizou-se coleta de fezes e urina por 72 horas e pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes de todos os animais. Após 1 semana, o sangue do coração foi coletado e os animais foram submetidos a eutanásia. O conteúdo do ceco, e os segmentos do duodeno, ceco, cólon e fígado foram removidos. Foram realizadas dosagens de hemoglobina, hematócrito, cálcio sérico e 25(OH)D. A expressão proteica de DMT-1 (transportador de metal divalente), ferroportina e Dcyt-b (redutase citocromo B) nos segmentos intestinais, foi avaliada por Western Blotting. Foi avaliado o pH cecal e o teor de ferro hepático. Foram determinadas concentrações de sódio, ureia e creatinina na urina. As carcaças foram evisceradas e utilizadas para determinação da gordura e proteína. Resultados: Ao final do experimento, a hemoglobina dos grupos LVF e BS foi significantemente maior quando comparados ao grupo LV (p=0,025 e p<0,001). O grupo BSF apresentou hemoglobina maior em comparação aos grupos BS e LVF (p=0,030 e p<0,001). O hematócrito nos grupos LVF e BS foi superior em relação ao grupo LV (p=0,010 e p<0,001) e, no grupo BSF mostrou-se maior em relação aos grupos BS e LVF (p=0,013 e p<0,001). A absorção aparente de ferro no grupo LV foi significantemente maior quando comparado ao grupo BS (p<0,05) e no grupo LVF foi superior em relação ao grupo BSF (p<0,05). A expressão proteica DMT-1 no duodeno foi significantemente maior no grupo BSF do que os grupos BS e LVF (p=0,005 e p=0,001). A absorção e retenção aparente de cálcio no grupo LV foi significantemente maior quando comparado ao grupo BS (p<0,001), e o grupo LVF foi superior em relação ao grupo BSF (p<0,001). A 25(OH)D no grupo BS foi maior em comparação ao grupo LV (p=0,003), e o grupo BSF foi superior em relação ao grupo LVF (p=0,032). O peso fresco das fezes dos grupos BS e LVF apresentaramse maiores do que no grupo LV (p<0,001 e p<0,001) e, no grupo BSF foi maior quando comparado aos grupos BS e LVF (p=0,030 e p<0,001). O ganho de peso, durante todo o experimento, foi significantemente maior no grupo LV em relação ao grupo BS (p=0,005) e no grupo LVF em comparação ao grupo BSF (p<0,001). Conclusão: A absorção intestinal de cálcio é menor com bebida à base de soja em relação ao leite de vaca. O grupo bebida à base de soja apresentou maior concentração de hemoglobina e hematócrito apesar da menor absorção aparente de ferro. A suplementação com FOS proporcionou efeito benéfico sobre a hemoglobina, hematócrito e expressão proteica de DMT-1 no duodeno. Ainda, foi possível constatar menor crescimento e eliminação de maior quantidade de fezes associada ao uso de bebida à base de soja.Dados abertos - Sucupira - Teses e dissertações (2017

Effects of soy beverage and soy-based formula on growth, weight, and fecal moisture: experimental study in rats

OBJECTIVE: To compare body growth, weight, and fecal moisture in recently weaned rats fed exclusively on infant soy formula and soy-based beverage. METHODS: Three similar groups were formed (n = 10/group) consisting of weanling Wistar rats, maintained in metabolic cages. One group was fed soy protein-based beverage, another with soy-based infant formula, and another with cow's milk infant formula (control group). Water and diet were offered ad libitum. Body weight and length were measured. Stool was collected for three consecutive days. RESULTS: Weight and length were lower (p = 0.001; p = 0.001) in the groups receiving soy protein-based beverage (73.16 &#177; 5.74 g; 23.94 &#177; 1.04 cm) and soy-based formula (71.11 &#177; 5.84 g; 24.74 &#177; 0.60 cm) in relation to the group receiving cow's milk formula (84.88 &#177; 9.75 g; 26.01 &#177; 0.91 cm). Fresh fecal weight was greater (p < 0.001) in the soy-based beverage (3.44 &#177; 0.48 g) than in the soy-based formula (0.79 &#177; 0.20 g) and cow's milk-based formula (0.42 &#177; 0.17 g). Fecal moisture was higher (p < 0.001) in the group receiving soy protein-based beverage (47.28 &#177; 9.02%) and soy-based formula (37.21 &#177; 13.20%) than in the group receiving cow's milk formula (22.71 &#177; 10.86%). CONCLUSION: The growth of rats fed soy protein-based beverage and soy-based formula was lower than those fed cow's milk-based formula. The soy protein-based beverage resulted in significant increase in fecal weight and moisture

Effects of soy beverage and soy-based formula on growth, weight, and fecal moisture: experimental study in rats PALAVRAS-CHAVE

Abstract Objective: To compare body growth, weight, and fecal moisture in recently weaned rats fed exclusively on infant soy formula and soy-based beverage. Methods: Three similar groups were formed (n = 10/group) consisting of weanling Wistar rats, maintained in metabolic cages. One group was fed soy protein-based beverage, another with soy-based infant formula, and another with cow&apos;s milk infant formula (control group). Water and diet were offered ad libitum. Body weight and length were measured. Stool was collected for three consecutive days. ଝ Please cite this article as: Silva MdL, Speridião PdG, Marciano R, Amâncio OM, de Morais TB, de Morais MB. Effects of soy beverage and soy-based formula on growth, weight, and fecal moisture: experimental study in rats. J Pediatr (Rio J Soy beverage and formula: growth, weight, and fecal moisture 307 Results: Weight and length were lower (p = 0.001; p = 0.001) in the groups receiving soy proteinbased beverage (73.16 ± 5.74 g; 23.94 ± 1.04 cm) and soy-based formula (71.11 ± 5.84 g; 24.74 ± 0.60 cm) in relation to the group receiving cow&apos;s milk formula (84.88 ± 9.75 g; 26.01 ± 0.91 cm). Fresh fecal weight was greater (p &lt; 0.001) in the soy-based beverage (3.44 ± 0.48 g) than in the soy-based formula (0.79 ± 0.20 g) and cow&apos;s milk-based formula (0.42 ± 0.17 g). Fecal moisture was higher (p &lt; 0.001) in the group receiving soy protein-based beverage (47.28 ± 9.02%) and soy-based formula (37.21 ± 13.20%) than in the group receiving cow&apos;s milk formula (22.71 ± 10.86%). Conclusion: The growth of rats fed soy protein-based beverage and soy-based formula was lower than those fed cow&apos;s milk-based formula. The soy protein-based beverage resulted in significant increase in fecal weight and moisture. © 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved. Resultados: Peso e comprimento foram menores (p = 0,001; p = 0,001) nos grupos com bebida de extrato de soja (73,16 ± 5,74 g; 23,94 ± 1,04 cm) e fórmula infantil de soja (71,11 ± 5,84 g; 24,74 ± 0,60 cm) em relação ao grupo de fórmula infantil de leite de vaca (84,88 ± 9,75 g; 26,01 ± 0,91 cm). O peso fresco fecal foi maior (p &lt; 0,001) na bebida de extrato de soja (3,44 ± 0,48 g) do que com as fórmulas infantis de soja (0,79 ± 0,20 g) e de leite de vaca (0,42 ± 0,17 g). A umidade fecal foi maior (p &lt; 0,001) na bebida de extrato de soja (47,28 ± 9,02%) e fórmula infantil de soja (37,21 ± 13,20%) do que na fórmula infantil de leite de vaca (22,71 ± 10,86%). Conclusão: O crescimento de ratos alimentados com bebida de soja e fórmula infantil de soja foi menor do que os alimentados com fórmula com proteína do leite de vaca. A bebida à base de extrato de soja proporcionou aumento expressivo do peso e da umidade fecal. PALAVRAS-CHAV