Seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle from Sotaquirá, Colombia

Worldwide distributed Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) represents a high risk of infection in most bovine farms, in which it is associated with gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive diseases. The purpose of this research was to establish the seroprevalence and the main risk factors associated with the presentation of BVDV in the municipality of Sotaquirá, Colombia. Samples were taken from 1000 cattle of Holstein, Ayrshire, Jersey, Normande Gyr and Holstein x Gyr. Epidemiological surveys were implemented, reproductive and management variables were taken into consideration. Indirect ELISA was performed to detect specific antibodies against BVDV using the commercial kit SERELISA® BVD p80 Ab Mono Blocking. The overall seroprevalence of antibodies against BVDV was 42.5% (425/1000), where the Gyr breed (59.1% apparent prevalence (AP); 60.3% real prevalence (PR)) and the age group > 4 years (53.0% PA; 54.4% PR) presented the highest seroprevalences. A significant statistical association was found for the breed, age, management practices evaluated and the presentation of PI3 (p ≤ 0.05). Age group > 4 years, Normande breed, presentation of PI3 and grazing lease were established as risk factors associated with BVDV in the herds. These infections are mainly associated with dairy cattle and herds with many animals, so it is important to consider vaccination plans as a preventive system and follow up on the most common diseases

Factores de riesgo para trastornos de la alimentación en los alumnos de la Universidad de Manizales

ResumenObjetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de los factores de riesgo para trastornos de la alimentación en estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales. Materiales y métodos: De 3,610 estudiantes regulares de la Universidad  de Manizales se tomó una muestra de 165 estudiantes, quienes respondieron un cuestionario integrado compuesto por variables demográficas, las escalas de Zung para ansiedad o depresión,el Eating Disorderrs Inventory (EDI2) y el Apgar familiar; además se tomaron las medidas de peso, talla, índice de masa corporal y pliegue en el antebrazo. Resultado: Un12.7% de la población presentó factor de riesgo positivo para trastornos de la conducta alimentaría, 17.3% de la población femenina y el 3.8% de la población masculina; las personas con mayor factor de riesgo fueron las mujeres en la facultad de Comunicación Social y Periodismo (24.1%). Se determinó una  relación significativa entre la variable impulso por la delgadez con la ansiedad o depresión. El mayor índice de masa corporal y de porcentaje de grasa está asociado con un aumentoen la variable impulso por la delgadez. Conclusiones:Se encontraron factores de riesgo asociados con trastornos de la alimentación. La frecuencia del factor de riesgo según EDI2 en este estudio fue más baja que la encontrada en estudios realizados en Medellín y Bogotá.[Cano AA, Castaño JJ, Corredor DA, García AM, González M, Lloreda OL, et al. Factores de riesgo para trastornos de la alimentación en los alumnos de la Universidad de Manizales. MedUNAB 2007; 10:187-194].Palabras claves: Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, factores de riesgo; Anorexia nerviosa, Bulimia

Diagnóstico coproparasitológico de fascioliasis en ovinos y caprinos de Boavita, Boyacá (Colombia)

The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica through coprological analysis and to identify risk factors associated with the presentation of the parasite in sheep and goats in the municipality of Boavita, Boyacá. The study was observational, descriptive, cross-sectional with simple random sampling. Faecal samples were taken from 297 sheep and 337 goats to identify parasite eggs. The general prevalence was 8.0% (51/634), being 9.1% for sheep and 7.1% for goats. The prevalence in sheep was higher in males (14.8%) than in females (8.5%), likewise, sheep less than one year old (9.3%) and Criolla (11.1%) presented the highest prevalence. In goats, the prevalence was higher in females (7.3%) than in males (5.6%), and those less than one year old (10.5%) and the Alpine breed (8%) presented the greater prevalence. No significant statistical association was found between females and males. The Creole breed was established as a risk factor for sheep.El objetivo del estudio fue establecer la prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica mediante análisis coprológico e identificar factores de riesgo asociados a la presentación del parásito en ovinos y caprinos del municipio de Boavita, Boyacá. El estudio fue observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal con muestreo aleatorio simple. Se tomaron muestras de materia fecal a 297 ovinos y 337 caprinos para identificar los huevos del parásito. La prevalencia general fue de 8.0% (51/634), siendo de 9.1% para ovejas y de 7.1% para cabras. La prevalencia en ovinos fue mayor en machos (14.8%) que en hembras (8.5%); asimismo, los ovinos menores a un año (9.3%) y de Criolla (11.1%) presentaron las prevalencias más altas. En las cabras, la prevalencia fue mayor en hembras (7.3%) que en machos (5.6%), y los menores a un año (10.5%) y de la raza Alpina (8%) presentaron las prevalencias más altas. No se encontró asociación estadística significativa entre hembras y machos. La raza Criolla se estableció como factor de riesgo para los ovinos

Pf7: an open dataset of Plasmodium falciparum genome variation in 20,000 worldwide samples

We describe the MalariaGEN Pf7 data resource, the seventh release of Plasmodium falciparum genome variation data from the MalariaGEN network.  It comprises over 20,000 samples from 82 partner studies in 33 countries, including several malaria endemic regions that were previously underrepresented.  For the first time we include dried blood spot samples that were sequenced after selective whole genome amplification, necessitating new methods to genotype copy number variations.  We identify a large number of newly emerging crt mutations in parts of Southeast Asia, and show examples of heterogeneities in patterns of drug resistance within Africa and within the Indian subcontinent.  We describe the profile of variations in the C-terminal of the csp gene and relate this to the sequence used in the RTS,S and R21 malaria vaccines.  Pf7 provides high-quality data on genotype calls for 6 million SNPs and short indels, analysis of large deletions that cause failure of rapid diagnostic tests, and systematic characterisation of six major drug resistance loci, all of which can be freely downloaded from the MalariaGEN website

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Sistema De Reconocimiento De Comandos De Voz

El sistema de reconocimiento de comandos de voz para control de mecanismos robóticos ROVOX es un software que permite la interacción usuario maquina mediante el uso de la voz como interfaz de comunicación para facilitar la realización de procesos sencillos en mecanismos que puedan soportar la transmisión de datos mediante el puerto serie o paralelo del PC.PregradoContador Públic

Ciclismo saludable bajo techo

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Estimación de los Valores de Hematocrito y Hemoglobina en Presencia de Haemonchus sp. en Ovinos de Oicatá, Colombia

La hemoncosis causada por el nemátodo del abomaso de rumiantes, Haemonchus contortus, representa uno de los mayores problemas en lossistemas ovinos debido a su impacto sobre la producción y el costo de los tratamientos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de Haemonchus sp. y la estimación de los valoresde hematocrito (Hto) y hemoglobina (Hb) en ovinos pertenecientes al municipio de Oicatá, Colombia. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio de 201animales criollos que pertenecían a explotaciones extensivas. Se tomaron muestras de materia fecal que fueron analizadas por medio del método de concentración formol-éter y posteriormente se realizó la identificación de Haemonchus sp. En los mismos individuos se obtuvo una muestra de sangre de la vena cefálica, se estimaron y se realizaron hemogramas completos. Se escogieron cuatro parámetros hematológicos: hemoglobina (Hb), hematocrito (Hto), recuento de glóbulos rojos (RBC) y volumen corpuscular medio (VCM). Se observó una prevalencia de Haemonchus sp.del 31,3%. Solo el 6% de los animales mostró Hto por debajo de los valores normales, mientras que el 6,5% tenía valores de Hb anormal en presencia del helminto. Los valores de RBC y VCM no demostraron alteraciones en presencia de la infección. No se observó ninguna relación entre los parámetros hemáticos y la presencia de huevos de Haemonchus sp. en las heces ovinas.AbstractHaemonchosis caused by the abomasal nematode of ruminants, Haemonchus contortus, represents one of the biggest problems in sheepfarming by its impact on production losses and cost of anthelmintic treatments. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Haemonchus sp. and the estimated values of the hematocrit (Hto) and hemoglobin (Hb) of sheep from the municipality of Oicatá, Colombia. Arandom sampling of 201 creole animals belonging to extensive farms was carried out. Individual fecal samples were analyzed by the method ofconcentration formol-ether and the Haemonchus sp. infection determined. Blood samples from the same animals were obtained from the cephalic vein in EDTA containing tubes. Four hematological parameters were estimated: haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hto), red blood cells count (RBC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Results were analyzed with the statistical package SPSS18 with a level of statistical significance of p<0.05. A prevalence of 31.3% was found for Haemonchus sp. Only 6% of the animals showed Hto below normal values, while 6.5% had abnormal Hb values in the presence of the helminth. RBC presented normal values in the presence of the parasite. In this study no correlation was found between the presence of the parasite and the haematological parameters determined

Antifungal packaging with coconut oil extract improved the storage of fresh tamarillo fruits

During the post-harvest period, the shelf life of tamarillos can be significantly affected by fungi such as Colletotrichum tamarilloi. Although incorporating fungicides such as lauric acid into packaging can prevent fruit loss, it is necessary to find more readily available sources of antifungal agents. This study demonstrated that incorporating coconut oil hydrolysis products (COHP) into packaging can prevent fungal growth in tamarillos (Solanum betaceum). We found that high-pressure hydrolysis of coconut oil produced COHP with 93.1% w/w organic phase recovery and a high concentration of lauric acid (43.3% w/w). Minimum inhibitory concentration assays of CHOP against four different fungi (Colletotrichum tamarilloi, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium equisetti) confirmed their antifungal properties. Furthermore, we incorporated COHP as an additive in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) films and observed that it inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum tamarilloi by over 80%. Results from in vivo studies showed that the shelf life of both infected and healthy tamarillos was extended by up to three and more than four weeks, respectively