Speciation of chilean Rhinocryptidae (Avian) based on their behaviour

The current classification of the chilean representatives of the passerine family Rhinocryptidae includes eight species. Three of them contain subspecies that don't exhibit clear differences. Moreover, differences among two lineages of _Scytalopus_ genera and two species of _Pteroptochos_ are cryptic. We propose a new methodology based on ecological and behavioural patterns in order to understand the concept of speciation in this group of birds. According to our results, we postulate that there is not a cut criteria to establish differences among three sister lineages of current classification. This way the methodology developed by us does not allow to establish divergence for a given common ancestor. Our methodology allows to establish comparison among previously determined phylogenetic lineages. Our results show how when integrating behaviour and ecological terms as biological traits next to morphological characters of the plumage, it allows us to conclude that there is decrease of the distances among sister lineages in the cluster tree

Institutional Requirements for Market-led Development in Latin America

This paper seeks to provide a systematized framework for the main ideas that have been developed by ECLAC concerning the effects that market-led reforms have had on labour, financial and technology markets. In order to explore these questions further, a research project has been undertaken by ECLAC with the sponsorship of the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ). The project deals with the institutional requirements for properly functioning financial, technology and labour markets. Particular attention is being devoted to the institutional forces affecting market access by traditionally excluded actors, such as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the case of long-term financial and technology markets, poor households in the case of housing finance, and female workers in the case of the labour market. As a consequence of the market-led reforms, Latin America has transformed its pattern of development and the way in which its brand of capitalism is configured. At the same time, the reform process is shown to have yielded unsatisfactory results when the performance level achieved in each factor market is evaluated. Labour markets exhibit a range of difficulties in reducing unemployment and informal employment. Financial markets are characterized by concentration and by the increasing difficulties encountered by the weaker agents in accessing resources. And, in most of the economies in the region, the role played by technology markets in creating and diffusing technology domestically is being downgraded. This poor performance has co-evolved along with a reduction in the State’s participation in the economy and an increasing power asymmetry in favour of private agents. The above difficulties seem to be related to the persistence of various types of market failures and the lack of non-market institutions capable of strengthening and supporting the operation of factor markets. The persistence of imperfect information, the lack of initial entitlements and gaps in learning capabilities have hindered the adaptation of various actors to the discipline of a new macro policy and incentive regime. Because of these underlying weaknesses in the institutional fabric inherited by the region, its factor markets have functioned very imperfectly and have failed to deliver what was expected of them in terms of a better long-term overall performance.Institutions; Development; Latin America

CONNECTING ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING WITH 12 BRAIN/MIND LEARNING PRINCIPLES

On a daily basis, teachers all over the world modify their students brain when they teach the contents that the students need to learn; this biological, cognitive and behavioral process is called learning. From a biological, cognitive and educational point of view, those modifications are totally necessary for the development of the learners. One of those so called brain-modification experiences occurs when they learn English. Then, you may wonder, how could these modifications (learning) be enhanced? In order to answer this question, this paper suggests a connection between 12 brain/mind learning principles(Caine, Caine, Klimek, McClintic, 2009) and English teaching aiming to make it more effective. The reason for this connection is that if teachers become aware of the way the brain learns, their practices may be enhanced leading to more effective teaching and learning (Geake, 2009). Thus, in order to state this connection, every principle is presented, described and followed by some general practical suggestions related to English teaching. It is necessary to mention that all the included suggestions will be simply examples; it would be then the task of the reader, the teacher or instructor, to ignite her creativity by applying the principles in her particular context to enhance her teaching practices and promote English language learning among students.DOI:https://doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.2018.02020

eWOM & Referrals in Social Network Services

If a few decades ago the development of the Internet was instrumental in the interconnection between markets, nowadays the services provided by Web 2.0, such as social network sites (SNS) are the cutting edge. A proof of this trend is the exponential growth of social network users. The main objective of this work is to explore the mechanisms that promote the transmission and reception (WOM and referrals) of online opinions, in the context of the SNS, by buyers of travel services. The research includes some research lines: technology acceptance model (TAM), Social Identification Theory and Word-of-Mouth communication in virtual environment (eWOM). Based on these theories an explicative model has been proposed applying SEM analysis to a sample of SNS users’ of tourist service buyers. The results support the majority of the hypotheses and some relevant practical and theoretical implications have been pointed out for tourist managers

E-Learning and gender

This study is to examine gender differences and the adoption of technology in tertial education students. We have used TAM model to measure the acceptance and use of elearning of the respondents. ANOVA and Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used, specifically, the PLS multi-group analysis, to compare differences between groups. In summary, results show that students’ behavior of acceptance of e-learning technology do not manifest statistically significant differences between women and men

Documento marco que sustenta la relación del grupo de investigación en Actividad Física y Desarrollo Humano con los currículos de los programas de pregrado de Rehabilitación de la Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud

El presente documento pone de manifiesto la propuesta de profundización en el currículo de los programas de pregrado de la Facultad de Rehabilitación y Desarrollo Humano, generada a partir de la reflexión, los logros y los avances del Grupo de Investigación en Actividad Física. El grupo define una serie de espacios académicos de formación en investigación para profesionales de las ciencias de la salud y de la Rehabilitación interesados en adquirir actitudes y competencias básicas en la generación de conocimiento dentro de su categoría objeto de estudio, en donde la actividad física se concibe como elemento dinamizador del desarrollo humano de los individuos y de las comunidades