Cell Wall Composition and Structure Define the Developmental Fate of Embryogenic Microspores in Brassica napus

[EN] Microspore cultures generate a heterogeneous population of embryogenic structures that can be grouped into highly embryogenic structures [exine-enclosed (EE) and loose bicellular structures (LBS)] and barely embryogenic structures [compact callus (CC) and loose callus (LC) structures]. Little is known about the factors behind these different responses. In this study we performed a comparative analysis of the composition and architecture of the cell walls of each structure by confocal and quantitative electron microscopy. Each structure presented specific cell wall characteristics that defined their developmental fate. EE and LBS structures, which are responsible for most of the viable embryos, showed a specific profile with thin walls rich in arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), highly and low methyl-esterified pectin and callose, and a callose-rich subintinal layer not necessarily thick, but with a remarkably high callose concentration. The different profiles of EE and LBS walls support the development as suspensorless and suspensor-bearing embryos, respectively. Conversely, less viable embryogenic structures (LC) presented the thickest walls and the lowest values for almost all of the studied cell wall components. These cell wall properties would be the less favorable for cell proliferation and embryo progression. High levels of highly methyl-esterified pectin are necessary for wall flexibility and growth of highly embryogenic structures. AGPs seem to play a role in cell wall stiffness, possibly due to their putative role as calcium capacitors, explaining the positive relationship between embryogenic potential and calcium levels.This work was supported by grant PID2020-115763RBI00 to JS-S from Spanish MICINN and by a Juan de la Cierva -Incorporacion Fellowship and a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (656579) to PC-M. RM holds a CDEIGENT (2018/023) fellowship from Generalitat Valenciana.Camacho-Fernández, C.; Seguí-Simarro, JM.; Mir Moreno, R.; Boutilier, K.; Corral-Martínez, P. (2021). Cell Wall Composition and Structure Define the Developmental Fate of Embryogenic Microspores in Brassica napus. Frontiers in Plant Science. 12:1-16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.7371391161

Teaching C/C ++ programming using a multimedia system with videos

The C programming language is widely used in computer and industrial engineering. Because of that, such programming language is also widely used as a language to teach programming to industrial engineering students. In Spain, many universities use this language compulsory in the first year, or even in higher courses. Our experience shows that learning computer programming in four months is an arduous task, but curricula require it. Such learning process is also tough by the fact that many students cannot attend classes regularly and, even if they attend, sometimes the class is no longer at the level they require. In this work we develop a series of files in "presentation" format (.ppsx) and videos that allow students to see several explanations about the most complicated programming C topics: functions, arrays, structures, strings, arrays with structures, etc. This multimedia material includes explanations (voice-over), and animations with examples. Students can watch and listen to the explanations whenever and wherever they want (tablet, PC, phone…). Surveys made to students reveal that it is also interesting for students who regularly attend classes, and they prefer to use this course material only at home, outside of regular classes.El lenguaje de programación C se utiliza mucho en informática e ingeniería industrial. Por tanto, dicho lenguaje de programación también se utiliza mucho como lenguaje para enseñar programación a estudiantes de ingeniería industrial. En España, muchas universidades usan este lenguaje de forma obligatoria durante el primer año, o incluso en cursos superiores. Nuestra experiencia indica que aprender programación de computadoras en cuatro meses es una tarea ardua, pero los currículos lo requieren. Tal proceso de aprendizaje también es difícil por el hecho de que muchos estudiantes no pueden asistir a clases regularmente e, incluso si asisten, a veces la clase ya no está en el nivel que requieren. En este trabajo desarrollamos una serie de archivos en formato de "presentación" (.ppsx) y videos que permiten a los estudiantes ver varias explicaciones sobre los temas de programación C más complicados: funciones, matrices, estructuras, cadenas, matrices con estructuras, etc. El material multimedia incluye explicaciones (voz en off) y animaciones con ejemplos. Los estudiantes pueden ver y escuchar las explicaciones cuando y donde quieran (tableta, PC, teléfono, etc.). Las encuestas realizadas revelan que también es interesante para los estudiantes que asisten regularmente a clases, y que prefieren usar este material del curso solo en casa, fuera de las clases regulares

Tales from Ovid de Ted Hughes: una reescritura de las Metamorfosis de Ovidio

El propósito de este trabajo es señalar las diferencias y similitudes entre las Metamorfosis de Ovidio y la obra Tales from Ovid del poeta laureado Ted Hughes. Tras presentar una breve panorámica de la obra de Hughes, así como de la recepción del poema ovidiano en la literatura anglosajona, este trabajo se centra en analizar el orden, la caracterización de los personajes, las modificaciones formales, el léxico y la intención didáctica final del poema de Hughes en comparación con el original latino. Se intenta explicar el porqué de estos cambios y la aproximación al lector contemporáneo que estos generan.Departamento de Filología ClásicaGrado en Estudios Clásico

Obtención de doble haploides en especies de interés agronómico: análisis de agentes y mecanismos celulares implicados en la inducción androgénica en berenjena, colza y tomate

La androgénesis es un proceso experimental que permite la obtención de líneas puras doble haploides a través de embriogénesis o callogénesis inducida partiendo, en la mayoría de los casos, del gametófito masculino (polen bicelular joven) o en la mayoría de los casos, su precursor, la microspora. Desde una perspectiva biotecnológica, esta posibilidad adquiere gran relevancia, pues las líneas puras son la base del proceso de obtención de semilla híbrida, y este proceso permite reducir a una sola generación, las 8 o 9 generalmente necesarias en el caso de utilizar métodos de mejora genética clásica para obtener las líneas puras. En la presente Tesis Doctoral se aborda el estudio de la inducción de androgénesis aplicando en paralelo dos abordajes: uno básico, mediante el estudio de factores que influyen y cambios que tienen lugar en la microspora al ser inducida, y uno aplicado, orientado a mejorar la eficiencia de inducción en especies recalcitrantes. El estudio se lleva a cabo en tres especies: la colza (Brassica napus), utilizada como sistema modelo para el estudio básico, y dos recalcitrantes, tomate (Solanum Lycopersicum), y berenjena (Solanum melongena). En resumen, mediante los estudios planteados en esta Tesis, se pretende conocer mejor algunos de los procesos de la androgénesis mediante su estudio en especies modelo como la colza, y recalcitrantes como el tomate. Además se pretende mejorar la eficiencia de la obtención de doble haploides en berenjena, desarrollando un método eficiente de cultivo de microsporas aisladas de berenjena.Corral Martínez, P. (2013). Obtención de doble haploides en especies de interés agronómico: análisis de agentes y mecanismos celulares implicados en la inducción androgénica en berenjena, colza y tomate [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/31643TESI

Myths through theatre. Una propuesta didáctica para la asignatura de Cultura Clásica en un centro de ámbito bilingüe

Este trabajo consiste en plantear una propuesta didáctica para trabajar los múltiples contenidos de la asignatura de Cultura Clásica a través de la lectura de los mitos en el cuarto curso de la ESO de un centro bilingüe a partir de dos obras literarias: Tales from Ovid de Ted Hughes y su adaptación teatral, Ted Hughes’s Tales from Ovid. Tras presentar de forma breve ambas obras y delimitar el marco académico, este trabajo se centra en presentar los objetivos, actividades, metodología y evaluación de la propuesta. El trabajo se completa con un cuaderno de actividades sobre Faetón como ejemplo.The aim of this project is to present a didactic proposal to work with Classical Culture’s subject multiple contents through the reading of myths during the fourth year of Secondary Education in a bilingual high school starting from two literary works: Tales from Ovid by Ted Hughes and its theatrical adaptation, Ted Hughes’ Tales from Ovid. After presenting briefly both works and defining the academic framework, this project focuses on presenting the proposal’s objectives, activities, methodology and evaluation. The paper is accompanied by a workbook on Phaethon as a working example.Departamento de Filología ClásicaMáster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idioma

Bilateral Arm Training for Patients with Chronic Hemiparetic in Upper Limb Function

Assess the effect that BAT (Bilateral Arm Training) produces on the upper limb motor control in patients with chronic brain injury assessed by the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT). Assess if there is a statistically significant correlation between motor control improvement and disability perceived by the Quick Dash questionnaire application. A quasi-experimental study with pre-post treatment measures during three months was performed in a sample of twelve patients with chronic brain injury. Patients received twelve sessions of forty-five minutes from bilateral training with a frequency of three times per week. WMFT and QD were used for the procedure assessment. Outcomes were statistically analyzed by the SPSS v 17.0 software. The study was executed at Polibea. Study´s inclusion criteria were as follows: no serious cognitive deficits, one or both upper limb´s control motor affected, attend to Polibea two times per week and no sensitive aphasia. After the BAT treatment we observed a statistically significant difference on motor control improvement in the WMFT. However the disability perceived through QD was not statistically significant. In conclusion, BAT improves motor control in our patients with chronic acquired brain injury

Estudio preliminar de diversidad genética de Manta birostris que visitaron la Isla de la Plata durante los años 2010, 2011 y 2012

Manta birostris is a highly migratory species, as well as the largest member of the genus Manta. In 2009, the genus Manta was reevaluated and divided into two species: Manta alfredi and Manta birostris. Manta birostris is broadly distributed, ranging from tropical to semi-temperate oceans. Currently, unregulated fishing for gill rakers and low reproduction rates are reducing subpopulations worldwide. This species is particularly vulnerable to overfishing due to their late maturity, slow gestation periods and long life spans. A large group of M. birostris individuals visits the Isla de la Plata during the months of July to September. The present study characterize the genetic diversity of Isla de la Plata M. birostris individuals using microsatellites. A total of 57 samples collected during three years (2010, 2011 and 2012) were analyzed using eight pairs of heterologous primers. A total of 46 alleles were identified in the eight loci analyzed, with an average of 4,375 alleles per locus. Exclusive alleles were found in three loci (MA14, MA43 and MA30), and three loci (MA21, MA15, MA30) were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The genetic diversity indicators analyzed (expected heterozygosity, Shannon index, fixation index) show a high level of genetic variability. The estimation of the population structure of M. birostris using Bayesian inference suggests that the samples studied possibly belong to one population. A greater insight about genetic diversity indexes and the population structure of M. birostris can be achieved through the analysis of more samples, over a broader period of time. . The information of genetic diversity and population structure obtained in this preliminary investigation can be used to establish specific conservation and management programs of this species.Manta birostris es una especie altamente migratoria y la más grande del género Manta. En el 2009, el género Manta fue reevaluado y se lo dividió en dos especies Manta alfredi y Manta birostris. La distribución de Manta birostris es muy amplia dispersándose en áreas tropicales a semi-templadas alrededor de todos los océanos. Actualmente, la pesca no reglamentada para conseguir branquioespinas, junto con su baja tasa de reproducción está reduciendo las subpoblaciones a nivel mundial. Esta especie es vulnerable a la sobrepesca, debido a su madurez tardía, lenta gestación y períodos de vida largos. Una agrupación grande de M. birostris visita la Isla de la Plata durante los meses de julio a septiembre. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la diversidad genética de individuos de dicho grupo mediante el uso de microsatélites. Se analizó 57 muestras de M. birostris recolectadas en tres años diferentes (2010, 2011 y 2012), con ocho pares de primers heterólogos. Se identificó 46 alelos en los ocho loci y un promedio de 4,375 alelos por cada uno. Se encontró que en tres loci (MA14, MA43 Y MA30) existe un alelo exclusivo y que tres loci (MA21, MA15, MA30) no estaban en equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Los indicadores de diversidad genética analizados (heterocigosidad esperada, índice de Shannon, índice de fijación) muestran una alta variabilidad genética. La estimación de la estructura poblacional de M. birostris mediante inferencia Bayesiana indica que posiblemente las muestras pertenecen a una sola población. Para tener una idea más clara de los índices de diversidad genética y de la estructura poblacional de M. birostris es necesario ampliar el número de individuos analizados y el tiempo de estudio. La información encontrada en este estudio preliminar sobre la diversidad genética y estructura poblacional de M. birostris puede ser utilizada para ayudar a la conservación y prácticas de manejo de esta especie

Influencia del material didáctico en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de cuarto de secundaria en anatomía

La investigación que tiene como título: Influencia del material didáctico en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del cuarto año de secundaria en anatomía, tuvo como objetivo general determinar como el uso de material didáctico influye en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del cuarto de secundaria en el curso de anatomía de la institución educativa particular “Santa María de Breña” 2017, cuya finalidad fue mejorar el desarrollo de las potencialidades de los estudiantes en el curso de anatomíaThe research that has as its title: Influence of didactic material on the academic performance of fourth-year students in anatomy, had as a general objective to determine how the use of didactic material influences the academic performance of the fourth-year students in the course of anatomy of the private educational institution “Santa María de Breña” 2017, whose purpose was to improve the development of the potential of students in the course of anatom

Análisis crítico del discurso y Teoría de la Relevancia sobre la Sexta Declaración de la Selva Lacandona (2005) del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN)

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, por medio del Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) y Teoría de la Relevancia, la temática de historia y la propaganda política del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) en la Sexta Declaración de la Selva Lacandona. El resultado de este artículo es que dicha declaración es una convocatoria para que un grupo social simpatizante se incorpore a la «Otra Campaña» que hace frente a los candidatos de las elecciones de 2006 en México y, así, legitimar la praxis política de “Mandar obedeciendo” al tener una convocatoria dirigida al ciudadano de interés.The purpose of this article is to analyze the history topic and political promote of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) in the Sixth Declaration of the Lacandona Jungle, through Critical Discourse Analysis (ACD) and Theory of relevance. The result of this article is that this declaration is a call for a sympathetic social group to join the “Other Campaign” that faces the candidates of the 2006 elections in Mexico; and legitimize the political praxis of “Mandar obedeciendo”, by having a call addressed to the interested citizen

Improved regeneration of eggplant doubled haploids from microspore-derived calli through organogenesis

[EN] Doubled haploid (DH) technology allows for the production of pure lines, useful for plant breeding, through a one-generation procedure that reduces considerably the time and resources needed to produce them. Despite the advantages of microspore culture to obtain DHs, this technique is still insufficiently developed in eggplant, where DHs are produced from microsporederived calli through organogenesis. At present, very little is known on the best in vitro conditions to promote this process. This is why in this work we addressed the optimization of the process of regeneration of eggplant DH plants from microspore-derived calli. We evaluated the effect of different media compositions in the induction of organogenesis, in the promotion of shoot growth and elongation, and in root growth. According to our results, we propose the repeated subculture of the calli in MS medium with 0.2 mg/l IAA and 4 mg/l zeatin to produce shoots, and then the repeated subculture of the excised shoots in basal MS medium to promote their conversion into entire plantlets. This procedure yielded 7.6 plants per 100 cultured calli, which represents a *49 increase with respect to previous reports. We also evaluated by flow cytometry and SSR molecular markers the effect of these in vitro culture conditions in the rate of DH plant production, finding that*70 % of the regenerated plants were true DHs. These results substantially improve the efficiencies of DH recovery published to date in eggplant, and may be useful to those working in the field of eggplant doubled haploidy and breeding.We acknowledge Dr. Rosa Peiro for her statistical advice, and the staff of the COMAV greenhouses for their valuable help. This work was supported by the AGL2014-55177-R grant from Spanish MINECO to JMSS.Rivas Sendra, A.; Corral Martínez, P.; Camacho Fernández, C.; Seguí-Simarro, JM. (2015). Improved regeneration of eggplant doubled haploids from microspore-derived calli through organogenesis. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 122(3):759-765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-015-0791-6S7597651223Asif M, Eudes F, Randhawa H, Amundsen E, Spaner D (2014) Phytosulfokine alpha enhances microspore embryogenesis in both triticale and wheat. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 116:125–130Borgato L, Conicella C, Pisani F, Furini A (2007) Production and characterization of arboreous and fertile Solanum melongena plus Solanum marginatum somatic hybrid plants. Planta 226:961–969Castillo AM, Nielsen NH, Jensen A, Vallés MP (2014) Effects of n-butanol on barley microspore embryogenesis. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 117:411–418Corral-Martínez P, Seguí-Simarro JM (2012) Efficient production of callus-derived doubled haploids through isolated microspore culture in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Euphytica 187:47–61Corral-Martínez P, Seguí-Simarro JM (2014) Refining the method for eggplant microspore culture: effect of abscisic acid, epibrassinolide, polyethylene glycol, naphthaleneacetic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine and arabinogalactan proteins. Euphytica 195:369–382Dhooghe E, Van Laere K, Eeckhaut T, Leus L, Van Huylenbroeck J (2011) Mitotic chromosome doubling of plant tissues in vitro. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 104:359–373Dumas de Vaulx R, Chambonnet D (1982) Culture in vitro d’anthères d’aubergine (Solanum melongena L.): stimulation de la production de plantes au moyen de traitements à 35°C associés à de faibles teneurs en substances de croissance. Agronomie 2:983–988Dunwell JM (2010) Haploids in flowering plants: origins and exploitation. Plant Biotechnol J 8:377–424Eshaghi ZC, Abdollahi MR, Moosavi SS, Deljou A, Seguí-Simarro JM (2015) Induction of androgenesis and production of haploid embryos in anther cultures of borage (Borago officinalis L.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 1–9. doi: 10.1007/s11240-015-0768-5Franklin G, Sheeba CJ, Sita GL (2004) Regeneration of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) from root explants. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 40:188–191Gisbert C, Prohens J, Nuez F (2006) Efficient regeneration in two potential new crops for subtropical climates, the scarlet (Solanum aethiopicum) and gboma (S. macrocarpon) eggplants. New Zeal J Crop Hort Sci 34:55–62Kaur M, Dhatt AS, Sandhu JS, Gosal SS (2011) In vitro plant regeneration in brinjal from cultured seedling explants. Indian J Hortic 68:61–65Kim M, Park E-J, An D, Lee Y (2013) High-quality embryo production and plant regeneration using a two-step culture system in isolated microspore cultures of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 112:191–201Miyoshi K (1996) Callus induction and plantlet formation through culture of isolated microspores of eggplant (Solanum melongena L). Plant Cell Rep 15:391–395Mohinuddin AKM, Chowdhury MKU, Abdullah Zaliha C, Napis S (1997) Influence of silver nitrate (ethylene inhibitor) on cucumber in vitro shoot regeneration. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 51:75–78Moshkov IE, Novikova GV, Hall MA, George EF (2008) Plant growth regulators III: gibberellins, ethylene, abscisic acid, their analogues and inhibitors; miscellaneous compounds. In George EF, Hall MA, De Klerk GJ (eds) Plant propagation by tissue culture, 3 edn, vol 1. Springer, DordrechtParra-Vega V, Renau-Morata B, Sifres A, Seguí-Simarro JM (2013) Stress treatments and in vitro culture conditions influence microspore embryogenesis and growth of callus from anther walls of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 112:353–360Rotino GL (1996) Haploidy in eggplant. In: Jain SM, Sopory SK, Veilleux RE (eds) In vitro haploid production in higher plants, vol 3. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 115–141Salas P, Prohens J, Seguí-Simarro JM (2011) Evaluation of androgenic competence through anther culture in common eggplant and related species. Euphytica 182:261–274Seguí-Simarro JM (2015) Androgenesis in solanaceae. In Germanà MA, Lambardi M (eds), In vitro embryogenesis. Springer Science + Business Media, The NetherlandsSeguí-Simarro JM, Nuez F (2006) Androgenesis induction from tomato anther cultures: callus characterization. Acta Hort 725:855–861Seguí-Simarro JM, Corral-Martínez P, Parra-Vega V, González-García B (2011) Androgenesis in recalcitrant solanaceous crops. Plant Cell Rep 30:765–778Sgamma T, Thomas B, Muleo R (2015) Ethylene inhibitor silver nitrate enhances regeneration and genetic transformation of Prunus avium (L.) cv Stella. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 120:79–88Shivaraj G, Rao S (2011) Rapid and efficient plant regeneration of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) from cotyledonary leaf explants. Indian J Biotechnol 10:125–129Tuberosa R, Sanghineti MC, Conti S (1987) Anther culture of eggplant Solanum melongena L. lines and hybrids. Genética Agrária 41:267–274Veen H, van de Geijn S (1978) Mobility and ionic form of silver as related to longevity of cut carnations. Planta 140:93–96Xing Y, Yu Y, Luo X, Zhang JN, Zhao B, Guo YD (2010) High efficiency organogenesis and analysis of genetic stability of the regenerants in Solanum melongena. Biol Plant 54:231–236Zhang P, Phansiri S, Puonti-Kaerlas J (2001) Improvement of cassava shoot organogenesis by the use of silver nitrate in vitro. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 67:47–5