16 research outputs found

    Cocaine-induced Psychosis and Brain-derived Neurothrophic Factor in Patients with Cocaine Dependence : Report of Two Cases

    Get PDF
    Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is linked to numerous brain functions. In addition, BDNF alterations contribute to neurological, mental, and addictive disorders. Cocaine dependence has received much attention recently due to its prevalence and psychological effects. Symptoms of psychosis are one of the most serious adverse events precipitated by cocaine use. It is particularly important to identify patients at risk of developing cocaine-induced psychosis (CIP). We described two cases of patients with cocaine dependence who presented with CIP and had changes in their BDNF levels during the psychotic episode. BDNF levels were initially low in both patients, and then decreased by more than 50% in association with CIP. The relationship between BDNF and psychosis is described in the literature. These cases revealed that BDNF levels decreased during a CIP episode and, thus, it is necessary to investigate BDNF and its relationship with CIP further

    Cortisol Response to Stress in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

    Get PDF
    Differences in the cortisol response have been reported between children exhibiting the inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, there is no such information about adults. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible differences between the combined and inattentive subtypes in the cortisol response to stress. Ninety-six adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 38 inattentive and 58 combined, without any medical or psychiatric comorbidities and 25 healthy controls were included. The Trier Social Stress Test was used to assess physiological stress responses. Clinical data and subjective stress levels, including the Perceived Stress Scale, were also recorded. No significant differences in the cortisol response to the Trier Social Stress Test were found between patients and controls. However, albeit there were no basal differences, lower cortisol levels at 15 (P =.015), 30 (P=. 015), and 45 minutes (P=. 045) were observed in the combined compared with the inattentive subtype after the stress induction; these differences disappeared 60 minutes after the stress. In contrast, the subjective stress responses showed significant differences between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients and controls (P <.001), but no differences were seen between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes. In turn, subjective stress measures, such as the Perceived Stress Scale, positively correlated with the whole cortisol stress response (P <.027). Both the combined and inattentive attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults exhibited a normal cortisol response to stress when challenged. Nevertheless, the inattentive patients displayed a higher level of cortisol after stress compared with the combined patients. Despite the differences in the cortisol response, adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder reported high levels of subjective stress in their every-day lif

    Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and cocaine-induced transient psychotic symptoms

    Get PDF
    Background: Cocaine-induced psychosis (CIP) is among the most serious adverse effects of cocaine. Reduced serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels have been reported in schizophrenia and psychosis; however, studies assessing the involvement of BDNF in CIP are lacking. Methods: A total of 22 cocaine-dependent patients (aged 33.65 卤 6.85) who had never experienced psychotic symptoms under the influence of cocaine (non-CIP) and 18 patients (aged 34.18 卤 8.54) with a history of CIP completed a 2-week detoxification program in an inpatient facility. Two serum samples were collected from each patient at baseline and at the end of the protocol. Demographic, consumption and clinical data were recorded for all patients. A paired group of healthy controls was also included. Results: At the beginning of the detoxification treatment, serum BDNF levels were similar in both the non-CIP and the CIP groups. During early abstinence, the non-CIP group exhibited a significant increase in serum BDNF levels (p = 0.030), whereas the CIP group exhibited a decrease. Improvements in depression (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI, p = 0.003) and withdrawal symptoms (Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment, CSSA, p = 0.013) show a significant positive correlation with serum BDNF levels in the non-CIP group, whereas no correlation between the same variables was found in the CIP group. Conclusions: This study suggests that BDNF plays a role in the transient psychotic symptoms associated with cocaine consumption. In the non-CIP group, the increase in serum BDNF appears to be driven by the effects of chronic cocaine consumption and withdrawal. In contrast, patients with CIP share some of the neurotrophic deficiencies that characterize schizophrenia and psychosis

    Brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels in cocaine-dependent patients during early abstinence

    Get PDF
    Preclinical studies indicate that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in neuroplastic changes underlying enduring cocaine-seeking following withdrawal. However, little is known about temporal changes in serum BDNF levels or the involvement of BDNF in craving and abstinence in early-abstinent cocaine-dependent patients. Twenty-three cocaine-dependent individuals (aged 33.65卤6.85 years) completed a two-week detoxification program at an inpatient facility. Two serum samples were collected for each patient at baseline and at the end of the protocol. Serum samples were also collected for 46 healthy controls (aged 35.52卤9.37 years). Demographic, consumption and clinical data were recorded for all patients. Significantly lower serum BDNF levels (p<.0001) were observed for cocaine-dependent patients at baseline compared to healthy controls. Serum BDNF levels increased significantly across 12 days of early abstinence (p=.030). Baseline BDNF levels correlated with craving (p=.034). Post-detoxification BDNF levels correlated with craving (p=.018), loss of control (p<.000), abstinence measures (p=0.031), depression (p=0.036), and anxiety (p=0.036). Post-detoxification BDNF levels also had predictive value for the loss of control measure of craving. Chronic cocaine use is associated with decreased serum BDNF. A progressive increase in serum BDNF levels during early abstinence correlates with cocaine craving and abstinence symptoms and may reflect increasing BDNF levels in different brain regions. These findings suggest that serum BDNF may be a biomarker for cocaine addiction

    Programa-tractament amb neurofeedback per a un grup d鈥檌nterns del Departament d鈥橝tenci贸 Especialitzada

    No full text
    El neurofeedback (NFB) 茅s el biofeedback de la funci贸 cerebral. 脡s una t猫cnica totalment no invasiva que t茅 com a base l鈥檈lectroencefalograma (EEG) i 茅s f脿cilment assequible a la pr脿ctica cl铆nica di脿ria. El tractament amb NFB permet al cervell assolir un funcionament amb menys nivell d鈥檃ctivaci贸 (arousal), arribar a estats m茅s relaxats i millorar la capacitat cerebral. L鈥橬FB 茅s tamb茅 una eina per flexibilitzar el cervell i aix貌 茅s molt important en els casos en qu猫 est脿 r铆gid pel consum de subst脿ncies o per la comissi贸 de conductes delictives que es realitzen sota situaci贸 d鈥檈str猫s. Aquesta flexibilitzaci贸 facilita l鈥檃prenentatge de noves conductes i respostes. La disminuci贸 de l鈥檃rousal i la flexibilitzaci贸 cerebral permeten gestionar millor l鈥檃ctivaci贸 emocional i disminuir les respostes agressives de tipus impulsiu. Si es disminueix l鈥檃gressivitat i la impulsivitat s鈥檃consegueix intervenir tamb茅 sobre la inestabilitat emocional i sobre l鈥檈stat d鈥櫭爊im depressiu. El NFB tamb茅 permet activar les funcions executives del cervell que depenen de l鈥檈scor莽a prefrontal, entre les quals hi ha la capacitat d鈥檃tenci贸 i concentraci贸 i la capacitat de prendre decisions. Totes aquestes funcions poden ser de gran utilitat en poblaci贸 reclusa. L鈥檈studi ha seguit 20 interns, dels quals 10 han format part del grup programa NFB i 10 del grup col路laborador, de perfil similar als altres per貌 que no han fet el programa tot i que es simulava que el feien. S鈥檋a informat un protocol de variables de tot tipus (personals, psicol貌giques, farmacol貌giques, contextuals, socials, de comportament disciplinari, de consum, etc.) abans de comen莽ar el tractament i un cop finalitzat, per veure si hi ha difer猫ncies entre els dos moments i tamb茅 comparant les dades amb les del grup col路laborador. Els resultats demostren de manera emp铆rica que hi ha difer猫ncies estad铆sticament significatives entre els dos grups i entre els dos moments de mesura pre i post. El NFB es mostra com una t猫cnica facilitadora per al treball dels t猫cnics de tractament en la fidelitzaci贸 i adher猫ncia als tractaments de deshabituaci贸 del consum de drogues i respecte a d鈥檃ltres respostes impulsives que poden portar els interns a delinquir.El neurofeedback (NFB) es el biofeedback de la funci贸n cerebral. Es una t茅cnica totalmente no invasiva que tiene como base el electroencefalograma (EEG) y es f谩cilmente asequible en la pr谩ctica cl铆nica diaria. El tratamiento con NFB permite al cerebro lograr un funcionamiento con menor nivel de activaci贸n (arousal), llegar a estados m谩s relajados y mejorar la capacidad cerebral. El NFB es tambi茅n una herramienta para flexibilizar el cerebro y esto es muy importante en los casos en que el cerebro est谩 r铆gido por el consumo de sustancias o por la comisi贸n de conductas delictivas que se realizan bajo situaci贸n de estr茅s. Esta flexibilizaci贸n facilita el aprendizaje de nuevas conductas y respuestas. La disminuci贸n del arousal y la flexibilizaci贸n cerebral permiten gestionar mejor la activaci贸n emocional y disminuir las respuestas agresivas de tipo impulsivo. Si se disminuye la agresividad y la impulsividad se logra intervenir tambi茅n sobre la inestabilidad emocional y sobre el estado de 谩nimo depresivo. El NFB tambi茅n permite activar las funciones ejecutivas del cerebro que dependen de la corteza prefrontal, entre ellas la capacidad de atenci贸n y concentraci贸n y la capacidad de tomar decisiones. Todas estas funciones pueden ser de gran utilidad en poblaci贸n reclusa. El estudio ha seguido 20 internos, de los cuales 10 han formado parte del grupo programa NFB y 10 del grupo colaborador, de perfil similar pero que no han hecho el programa, aunque se simulaba que lo hac铆an. Se han medido todo un protocolo de variables de todo tipo (personales, psicol贸gicas, farmacol贸gicas, contextuales, sociales, de comportamiento disciplinario, de consumo, etc.) antes de comenzar el tratamiento y una vez finalizado, para ver si hay diferencias entre los dos momentos y tambi茅n compar谩ndolo con el grupo colaborador. Los resultados demuestran de manera emp铆rica que existen diferencias estad铆sticamente significativas entre los dos grupos y entre los dos momentos de medida pre y post. El NFB se muestra como una t茅cnica facilitadora para el trabajo de los t茅cnicos de tratamiento en la fidelizaci贸n y adherencia a los tratamientos de deshabituaci贸n de consumo de drogas y otras respuestas impulsivas que llevan a los internos a delinquir y a tener problemas con la sociedad.Neurofeedback (NFB) is the biofeedback of the brain function. It is a totally non-invasive technique that is based on electroencephalogram (EEG) and is easily available in daily clinical practice. Treatment with NFB allows the brain to achieve a lower level of arousal, reach more relaxed states and improve brain capacity. NFB is also an intervention that increases the flexibility of the brain, which is very important in cases where it becomes rigid because of substance abuse or criminal behaviours that are performed under stress. This flexibility facilitates the learning of new behaviours and responses. The reduction of arousal and the increase of brain flexibility allow better management of emotional activation and reduction of impulsive responses. If aggressiveness and impulsiveness are diminished, it is also possible to intervene on emotional instability and on depressed mood. NFB also allows the activation of executive functions of the brain that depend on the prefrontal cortex, including attention and concentration capacity and decision-making ability. All these functions can be very useful for the prison population. The study followed 20 inmates. 10 of them were part of the NFB program group and 10 of the collaborating group (with a similar profile) but didn鈥檛 follow the program, although it was simulated. A complete protocol of variables (personal, psychological, pharmacological, contextual, social, disciplinary behaviour, substance abuse, etc.) was measured before starting the treatment and once it was finished, to see if there were differences between the two moments and also comparing both groups. Results demonstrate empirically that there are statistically significant differences between the two groups and between the two moments (pre and post NFB). NFB is shown as a facilitating technique for professionals involved in inmate鈥檚 interventions inside prisons to achieve their fidelity and adherence to drug abuse treatments and to diminish other impulsive responses that may lead them to commit crimes

    Programa-Tratamiento con Neurofeedback para un grupo de internos del Departamento de Atenci贸n Especializada de un centro penitenciario

    No full text
    El neurofeedback (NFB) es el biofeedback de la funci贸n cerebral. Es una t茅cnica totalmente no invasiva que tiene como base el electroencefalograma (EEG) y es f谩cilmente asequible en la pr谩ctica cl铆nica diaria. El tratamiento con NFB permite al cerebro lograr un funcionamiento con menor nivel de activaci贸n (arousal), llegar a estados m谩s relajados y mejorar la capacidad cerebral. El NFB es tambi茅n una herramienta para flexibilizar el cerebro y esto es muy importante en los casos en que el cerebro est谩 r铆gido por el consumo de sustancias o por la comisi贸n de conductas delictivas que se realizan bajo situaci贸n de estr茅s. Esta flexibilizaci贸n facilita el aprendizaje de nuevas conductas y respuestas. La disminuci贸n del arousal y la flexibilizaci贸n cerebral permiten gestionar mejor la activaci贸n emocional y disminuir las respuestas agresivas de tipo impulsivo. Si se disminuye la agresividad y la impulsividad se logra intervenir tambi茅n sobre la inestabilidad emocional y sobre el estado de 谩nimo depresivo. El NFB tambi茅n permite activar las funciones ejecutivas del cerebro que dependen de la corteza prefrontal, entre ellas la capacidad de atenci贸n y concentraci贸n y la capacidad de tomar decisiones. Todas estas funciones pueden ser de gran utilidad en poblaci贸n reclusa. El estudio ha seguido 20 internos, de los cuales 10 han formado parte del grupo programa NFB y 10 del grupo colaborador, de perfil similar pero que no han hecho el programa, aunque se simulaba que lo hac铆an. Se han medido todo un protocolo de variables de todo tipo (personales, psicol贸gicas, farmacol贸gicas, contextuales, sociales, de comportamiento disciplinario, de consumo, etc.) antes de comenzar el tratamiento y una vez finalizado, para ver si hay diferencias entre los dos momentos y tambi茅n compar谩ndolo con el grupo colaborador. Los resultados demuestran de manera emp铆rica que existen diferencias estad铆sticamente significativas entre los dos grupos y entre los dos momentos de medida pre y post. El NFB se muestra como una t茅cnica facilitadora para el trabajo de los t茅cnicos de tratamiento en la fidelizaci贸n y adherencia a los tratamientos de deshabituaci贸n de consumo de drogas y otras respuestas impulsivas que llevan a los internos a delinquir y a tener problemas con la sociedad

    Informe del programa de tractament amb Neurofeedback al CP Brians 2. Valoraci贸 conjunta dels anys 2016 i 2017

    No full text
    En recerques anteriors publicades pel CEJFE s鈥檋a explicat en qu猫 consisteix el Neurofeedback (NFB) i la seva implementaci贸, conjuntament amb un tractament terap猫utic complementari, amb interns amb problem脿tiques toxicol貌giques de llarga evoluci贸 i dificultats per afrontar l鈥檈voluci贸 tractamental dins del centre penitenciari. El programa de tractament amb NFB es va realitzar en dues etapes. La primera es va dur a terme l鈥檃ny 2016 al Departament d鈥橝tenci贸 Especialitzada (DAE) al CP Brians 2. La segona etapa es va dur a terme l鈥檃ny 2017 al M貌dul 8 (MR-8) al mateix centre. La present mem貌ria t茅 com objectiu valorar conjuntament els resultats obtinguts als tractaments amb NFB realitzats els anys 2016 i 2017 a un grup d鈥檌nterns del DAE i MR8 i comparar-los amb els resultats obtinguts mitjan莽ant el Riscanvi i les variables penals i penitenci脿ries dels mateixos interns. L鈥檈tapa de l鈥檃ny 2016 va consistir en una 煤nica fase que va incloure 20 interns del DAE, mentre que l鈥檈tapa de l鈥檃ny 2017 es va realitzar en dues fases consecutives i va incloure un total de 34 interns del MR8. L鈥檃n脿lisi de les dades obtingudes s鈥檋a dut a terme mitjan莽ant un estudi quantitatiu i amb l鈥檃plicaci贸 d鈥檜n an脿lisi descriptiu i creuament de variables. Durant l鈥檃plicaci贸 del NFB realitzada els anys 2016 i 2017, el grup de tractament amb NFB va millorar significativament respecte al grup control en relaci贸 a les diferents mesures d鈥檌mpulsivitat i disminuci贸 de respostes agressives, i va millorar significativament en les escales d鈥檃nsietat i depressi贸. En les variables penals i penitenciaries tamb茅 es mostra una tend猫ncia a la millora en els interns en els que es va aplicar el tractament amb NFB comparats amb el grup control. Per tant, els resultats mostren que el NFB 茅s un instrument 煤til en el tractament de les respostes conductuals i emocionals dels interns

    Informe del programa de tratamiento con Neurofeedback en el CP Brians 2. Valoraci贸n conjunta de 2016 y 2017

    No full text

    Programa de tratamiento con Neurofeedback para un grupo de internos del CP Brians 2

    No full text

    Programa de tractament amb Neurofeedback per a un grup d鈥檌nterns del CP Brians 2

    No full text
    En una recerca anterior publicada per aquest mateix CEJFE ja s鈥檋a explicat el qu猫 茅s el neurofeedback (NFB) i perqu猫 serveix. El que es proposa en aquesta nova investigaci贸 茅s utilitzar, al costat del NFB, un tractament terap猫utic complementari amb interns d鈥檜n centre penitenciari amb problem脿tica toxicol貌gica de llarga evoluci贸 i dificultats per afrontar l鈥檈voluci贸 tractamental dins del centre. La finalitat d'aquest protocol 茅s avaluar l'efic脿cia d'aquest neurofeedback acompanyat de ter脿pia en la millora dels interns, d鈥檜na banda de la seva impulsivitat i respostes agressives, i de l'altra de la seva ansietat i estat emocional. Els objectius de la recerca s贸n, en primer lloc avaluar l鈥檈fectivitat de NFB com a ter脿pia per al comportament agressiu i impulsiu, en un grup d鈥檌nterns comparant-los amb un grup de control que no fa tractament. En segon lloc, es vol avaluar l鈥檈fectivitat de NFB per millorar els s铆mptomes de craving (脿nsia de consum, pensaments obsessius en relaci贸 amb el consum, inquietud...) i el consum en els interns. L鈥檈studi ha seguit 10 homes (grup tractament) que han fet un entrenament amb NFB. Paral路lelament s鈥檋a constitu茂t un grup de 14 homes interns (grup col路laborador) aparellats per edat i per perfil de personalitat i penitenciari amb el grup de tractament amb NFB. Els participants del grup de tractament amb NFB han rebut sessions a un ritme d鈥檜na per setmana durant 4 mesos i mig. Cada sessi贸 ha tingut una durada de 45 min. Tots els subjectes tenien programades 24 sessions. Els resultats demostren de manera emp铆rica que el NFB disminueix les respostes agonistes de tipus impulsiu i agressiu i facilita el pensament previ a l鈥檃cci贸 i millora la capacitat d鈥檃tenci贸 i consci猫ncia dels interns. Caldr脿, en un tercer estudi posterior, avaluar si els canvis han estat consistents i s鈥檋an tradu茂t en la pr脿ctica en un canvi de conducta que hagi millorat l鈥檃dher猫ncia al tractament i desistiment de consum de t貌xics, comportaments socials acceptables i/o reincid猫ncia delictiva
    corecore