21 research outputs found
Probiotic treatment induces intestinal regulatory dendritic and T cells, and counter-regulates Th2 responses and anaphylaxis in a mouse model of food allergy
An Antibiotic-Responsive Mouse Model of Fulminant Ulcerative Colitis
Paul Allen and colleagues describe the development of a mouse model of fulminant ulcerative colitis with multiple genetic hits in immune regulation which can be moderated by anti-cytokine therapy and broad-spectrum antibiotics
Ruolo dell’ossido nitrico sulle funzioni delle cellule dendritiche derivate dai monociti
L’ossido nitrico (NO) ha un ruolo stabilito nella difesa contro le infezioni batteriche e esercita molteplici attività modulatorie sia sulle risposte infiammatorie che immunologiche. Comunque, la rilevanza di NO sulle funzione delle cellule dendritiche (CD) è stata poco investigata. In questo studio, abbiamo trovato che l’aggiunta di un donatore di NO, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a CD derivate da monociti maturate con lipopolisaccaride (LPS) o con il ligando solubile di CD40 è legata ad una diminuita capacità di attivare cellule T allogeniche vergini ma con una più prominente polarizzazione di tipo Th1, con un’aumentata secrezione di interferon- (IFN-) e un rilascio ridotto di interleuchina (IL-)5. La presenza di GSNO durante la maturazione delle CD causa una ridotta espressione di superficie di CD86, mentre l’espressione di CD80, di CD83 e delle molecole MHC rimane inalterata. In più, GSNO induce una diminuizione dipendente dalla dose di IL-10 ed aumenta il rilascio di fattore della necrosi dei tumori (TNF-) da parte di CD mature. In parallelo, si osserva una marcata riduzione di produzione della subunità p40 di IL-12 ma una non significativa perturbazione della produzione della forma bioattiva di IL-12 p70. Infine, GSNO riduce significativamente il rilascio di IP-10/CXCL10 e RANTES/CCL5 ma no di IL-8/CXCL8 da parte delle CD mature. Malgrado GSNO possa rafforzare la capacità delle CD mature di indurre polarizzazione di tipo Th1 dei linfociti T, i nostri dati suggeriscono che induce diverse funzioni anti-infiammatorie, eventualmente riducendo la proliferazione ed il reclutamento dei linfociti T.Nitric oxide (NO) has an established role in the defense against bacterial infections, and exerts multiple modulatory activities on both inflammatory and immune responses. However, the relevance of NO on dendritic cell (DC) functions has been poorly investigated. In this study, we found that addition of the NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) to monocyte-derived DCs matured in the presence of LPS led to a decreased capacity to activate naive allogeneic T cells but a more prominent Th1 polarization, with increased IFN- secretion and reduced IL-4 and IL-5 secretion. The presence of GSNO during maturation of DCs caused a reduced expression of surface CD86, whereas CD80, CD83 and MHC molecule expression was not affected. Moreover, GSNO induced a dose-dependent decrease of IL-10 and enhancement of TNF- release. In parallel, a marked reduction of IL-12 p40 subunit in the supernatant of mature DCs, but no significant perturbation of the bioactive IL-12 p70 production was observed. Finally, GSNO significantly reduced the release of IP-10/CXCL10 and RANTES/CCL5, but not IL-8/CXCL8 by DCs. Although GSNO can strengthen the capacity of mature DCs to induce type 1 polarization of T lymphocytes, our data suggest that it elicits distinct anti-inflammatory functions, eventually reducing T lymphocyte proliferation and recruitment
Primary MiNEN of the urinary bladder: an hitherto undescribed entity composed of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma with a distinct clinical behavior : Description of a case and review of the pertinent literature
Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the urinary bladder are very rare and can be observed in the context of mixed neuroendocrine/non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs), most frequently in association with urothelial carcinoma. Small cell NECs are far more common than large cell NECs (LCNECs), which are exceedingly rare. We describe a primary MiNEN of the urinary bladder, composed of a LCNEC and of an adenocarcinoma, in which the neuroendocrine component reached complete pathological regression after neoadjuvant M-VAC chemotherapy, whereas the non-neuroendocrine component of the tumor progressed to metastatic disease. Compared to mixed neuroendocrine/non-neuroendocrine neoplasms described in the literature until now, this appears to be a unique case that expands the spectrum of neuroendocrine neoplasia of the urinary bladder