Respuesta inflamatoria y de fase aguda en el absceso hepático amibiano mediante el estudio de leucotrienos B4, C4, E4 y D4 e interleucina1 beta, interleucina 6 y factor de necrosis tumoral alfa

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias con Especialidad en Química Biomédica) UANLUANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Models of hepatoprotective activity assessment

Liver diseases are a major health problem worldwide, making it necessary to develop new molecules that help counteract or prevent such diseases. On account of this fact, investigations aiming to obtain natural and/or synthetic compounds possessing hepatoprotective activity have been undertaken. The development of new drugs consists of a variety of steps, ranging from the discovery of the pharmacological effects in cellular and animal models, to finally demonstrate their efficacy and safety in humans. Different models for assessment of the hepatoprotective activity in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo can be found in medical literature. The purpose of this review is to show the features, main advantages and disadvantages of each of the models, the hepatotoxic agents most commonly used (CCl4, acetaminophen, ethanol, dgalactosamine, t-BuOOH, thioacetamide) as well as the biochemical parameters useful to assess liver damage in the different models

Review of plants with hepatoprotective activity evaluated in Mexico

Liver diseases represent a major health problem around the world. in Mexico these are the 5th leading cause of death in the economically active population. in Mexico, it is estimated that about 60% of the population uses some medicine from plants to treat their illnesses. The purpose of this work was to search for medicinal plants in Mexico that have been evaluated for their hepatoprotective effect in different models. in this review we found only 13 plants evaluated for hepatoprotective activity: Amole tuber, Cochlospermum vitifolium, Heterotheca inuloides, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Leucophyllum frutescens, Prostechea michuacana, Psidium Guajava, Rosmarinus officinalis, Verbena Carolin, Centaurea americana, Juglans mollis, Krameria ramossisima and Turnera diffusa. This study describes the studies conducted in Mexico for each of them and the international literature reports of pharmacological and phytochemical studies

In vitro assessment of hepatoprotective agents against damage induced by acetaminophen and CCl4

Abstract Background: In vitro bioassays are important in the evaluation of plants with possible hepatoprotective effects. The aims of this study were to evaluate the pretreatment of HepG2 cells with hepatoprotective agents against the damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and paracetamol (APAP). Methods: Antioxidative activity was measured using an assay to measure 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging. The in vitro hepatotoxicity of CCl4 and APAP, and the cytotoxic and hepatoprotective properties of silymarin (SLM), silybinin (SLB), and silyphos (SLP) were evaluated by measuring cell viability; activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); total antioxidant capacity (TAOxC); and reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA) levels). Results: Only SLB and SLM showed strong antioxidative activity in the DPPH assay (39.71±0.85 μg/mL and 14.14±0. 65 μg/mL, respectively). CCl4 induced time- and concentration-dependent changes. CCl4 had significant effects on cell viability, enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, TAOxC, and SOD and GSH levels. These differences remained significant up to an exposure time of 3 h. APAP induced a variety of dose- and time-dependent responses up to 72 h of exposure. SLM, SLB, and SLP were not cytotoxic. Only SLB at a concentration of 100 μg/mL or 150 μg/mL significantly decreased the enzyme activities and MDA level, and prevented depletion of total antioxidants compared with CCl4. Conclusions: CCl4 was more consistent than APAP in inducing cell injury. Only SLB provided hepatoprotection. AST, LDH, and MDA levels were good markers of liver damage. Keywords: Hepatoprotective, HepG2 cell line, Acetaminophen, Carbon tetrachloride, Silybinin, Silyphos, Silymari

Urinary protein detection by iTRAQ® associated with renal transplant complications and its modification with therapy

AbstractBackgroundAfter renal transplant, surgical, infection complications, as well as graft rejection may occur; early detection through non-invasive markers is the key to change therapy and avoid biopsy.ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to determine urine protein profiles in patients undergoing renal transplant with complications and detect its variation when therapy is modified.Material and methodsUrine samples were collected from patients prior the transplant and various postoperative stages. Urinary protein profiles were obtained by peptide labelling using isobaric isotopes for relative quantification (iTRAQ®).ResultsA total of 22 patients were included, of whom 12 developed post-transplant complication: 2 with graft rejection (1 male and 1 female) and 10 (6 males and 4 females) in the group of post-transplant infections. Using iTRAQ® 15/345 and 28/113 proteins were identified and fulfilled the acceptance criteria, in graft rejection and post-transplant infections group, respectively.ConclusionsAlbumin was the only protein found in both groups, the remaining proteins were different. The five proteins with higher scores in graft rejection were: alpha-1-microglobulin, 5′-nucleotidase cytosolic III, retinol-binding protein 4, membrane protein palmitoylated 4, and serine carboxypeptidase, while post-transplant infections were: mitochondrial acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, putative adenosyl homocysteinase 2, zinc finger protein GLIS1, putative protein FAM157B, and zinc finger protein 615. It remains to elucidate the involvement of each of these in patients with renal transplantation

Variables asociadas al rendimiento del EGEL-QUICLI en egresados de Químico Clínico Biólogo UANL (Variables related to performance in the EGEL-QUICLI for the Bachelor's Degree in Biologist Clinical Chemist UANL)

Una de las principales preocupaciones para la mayoría de las Instituciones de Educación Superior radica en cumplir con los requerimientos de calidad que les demandan diversos organismos de evaluación y de acreditación. Los exámenes generales de egreso de licenciatura (EGEL) aplicados por el Centro Nacional de Evaluación para la Educación Superior (CENEVAL) tienen la intención de evaluar e informar públicamente el nivel de conocimientos y habilidade

Variables asociadas al rendimiento del EGEL-QUICLI en egresados de Químico Clínico Biólogo UANL

Abstract One of the main concerns for most Higher Education Institutions lies in meeting the quality requirements demanded by various evaluation and accreditation bodies. The general graduation exams for bachelor's degrees (EGEL) applied by the National Center for Evaluation of Higher Education (CENEVAL) are intended to publicly assess and report the level of knowledge and skills. The UANL's QCB degree has had a high performance in the EGEL in ​​clinical chemistry (QUICLI).  The objective of this study is to determine how the demographic variables (age and sex) and the school trajectory (grade point average of bachelor's degree, learning units of the integrating professional area and preparation for the EGEL) of the graduate of the UANL's QCB degree are related with the result obtained in the EGEL-QUICLI. It is an investigation with a quantitative approach, it is non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional. The results of this study are of contribution to the administrative teaching staff in charge of the creation, implementation and evaluation of the bachelor’s degree programs.Una de las principales preocupaciones para la mayoría de las Instituciones de Educación Superior radica en cumplir con los requerimientos de calidad que les demandan diversos organismos de evaluación y de acreditación. Los exámenes generales de egreso de licenciatura (EGEL) aplicados por el Centro Nacional de Evaluación para la Educación Superior (CENEVAL) tienen la intención de evaluar e informar públicamente el nivel de conocimientos y habilidades. La licenciatura de QCB de la UANL ha tenido un alto rendimiento en el EGEL de química clínica (QUICLI). El objetivo de este estudio es determinar cómo se relacionan las variables demográficas (edad y sexo) y de la trayectoria escolar (promedio general de licenciatura, unidades de aprendizaje de área profesional integradora y de preparación para el EGEL) del egresado de la licenciatura de QCB de la UANL con el resultado que obtiene en el examen EGEL-QUICLI. Se trata de una investigación con un enfoque cuantitativo, es no experimental, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Los resultados de este estudio son de aportación para el personal docente administrativo encargado de la creación, implementación y evaluación de los programas de licenciatura

Adiponectina en suero materno en la enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo.

Introducción: La adiponectina es una proteína sintetizada en el tejido adiposo blanco, y circula en altas concentraciones (μg/mL) en el suero con efectos antiaterogénico, antidiabético y anti-inflamatorio. Se ha señalado que los niveles de adiponectina disminuyen en pacientes con hipertensión en el embarazo. Objetivo: Evaluar las concentraciones plasmáticas de adiponectina en pacientes con y sin trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo. Método: Es un estudio observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo, no ciego, comparativo, en el que se incluyeron 55 casos pacientes con trastorno hipertensivo del embarazo y 56 controles pacientes normotensas. La adiponectina plasmática se analizó por método de ELISA. Estadística fue con t de Student y valor de p; media, varianza y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: El nivel promedio de adiponectina plasmática de las mujeres con HTA fue significativamente menor que en las pacientes sin HTA (3.12 μg/mL vs. 4.41 μg/ mL) (p ≤0.00042). El análisis de varianzas demostró que la adiponectina fue mayor entre las mujeres con preeclampsia-eclampsia que en las de hipertensión gestacional. Conclusión: Se demostró una disminución significativa de los valores de adiponectina plasmática en pacientes con trastorno hipertensivo del embarazo; los valores fueron aún menores en la hipertensión gestacional que en la preeclampsia-eclampsia (varianza 1.82 vs. 5.25, F = 2.88)

Nature and Location of Carbonaceous Species in a Composite HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst during the Conversion of Dimethyl Ether into Light Olefins

The deactivation of a composite catalyst based on HZSM-5 zeolite (agglomerated in a matrix using boehmite as a binder) has been studied during the transformation of dimethyl ether into light olefins. The location of the trapped/retained species (on the zeolite or on the matrix) has been analyzed by comparing the properties of the fresh and deactivated catalyst after runs at different temperatures, while the nature of those species has been studied using different spectroscopic and thermogravimetric techniques. The reaction occurs on the strongest acid sites of the zeolite micropores through olefins and alkyl-benzenes as intermediates. These species also condensate into bulkier structures (polyaromatics named as coke), particularly at higher temperatures and within the mesoand macropores of the matrix. The critical roles of the matrix and water in the reaction medium have been proved: both attenuating the effect of coke deposition.The financial support of this work was undertaken by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government, some cofounded with ERDF funds (Project CTQ2013-46172-P, CTQ2013-46173-R and CTQ2016-79646-P projects), by the Basque Government (Project IT748-13) and by the University of the Basque Country (UFI 11/39). M. Ibafiez is grateful for the postgraduate grant from the University of the Basque Country (No. UPV/EHU2016)

Metabolómica de la nefropatía diabética: tras la huella de indicadores de desarrollo y progresión

nIntroducción: Los métodos de diagnóstico actuales son poco sensibles para detectar las eta-pas iniciales de la nefropatía diabética tipo 2. En este trabajo se hace una revisión de estudiosde aproximación metabolómica para la identificación de biomarcadores de esta enferme-dad con potencialidad para diferenciar entre etapas tempranas, evaluar y direccionar eltratamiento y coadyuvar a ralentizar el da˜no renal.Métodos: Utilizando bases de datos públicas (Pubmed y Google Scholar) y privadas (Scopus yWeb of Knowledge), se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la información que se ha publi-cado de metabolómica de la nefropatía diabética en distintos bioespecímenes (orina, suero,plasma y sangre). Posteriormente, se utilizó el programa MetaboAnalyst 4.0 para evidenciarlas vías metabólicas que están asociadas con estos metabolitos.Resultados: Con los datos de la literatura se identificaron grupos de metabolitos potencialespara la monitorización de la nefropatía diabética. Destacan en la orina: el óxido-3-hidroxiisovalerato, TMAO, aconitato y citrato y derivados del hidroxipropionato; en el suero:el citrato, la creatinina, la arginina y sus derivados; y en el plasma: aminoácidos como his-tidina, metionina y arginina. Utilizando el programa MetaboAnalyst 4.0 se detectaron lasrutas metabólicas que están relacionadas con estos metabolitos.Conclusiones: La búsqueda de biomarcadores relacionados con la progresión de la nefropatíadiabética junto con estrategias analíticas para su detección y cuantificación son el puntode partida para el dise˜no de nuevos métodos de análisis químico-clínico. La correlacióncon la disfunción de vías metabólicas podría ser utilizada para la evaluación integral deltratamiento y seguimiento clínico de este padecimiento