36 research outputs found
Beyond the ABCDs: A better matrix method for geometric optics by using homogeneous coordinates
Geometric optics is often described as tracing the paths of non-diffracting
rays through an optical system. In the paraxial limit, ray traces can be
calculated using ray transfer matrices (colloquially, ABCD matrices), which are
2x2 matrices acting on the height and slope of the rays. A known limitation of
ray transfer matrices is that they only work for optical elements that are
centered and normal to the optical axis. In this article, we provide an
improved 3x3 matrix method for calculating paraxial ray traces of optical
systems that is applicable to how these systems are actually arranged on the
optical table: lenses and mirrors in any orientation or position (e.g.~in
laboratory coordinates), with the optical path zig-zagging along the table.
Using projective duality, we also show how to directly image points through an
optical system using a point transfer matrix calculated from the system's ray
transfer matrix. We demonstrate the usefulness of these methods with several
examples and discuss future directions to expand applications of this
technique.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures. Accepted to American Journal of Physics.
Example code available at https://github.com/corcoted/arXiv-2205.09746-code
(Rearranged and clarified based on referee comments.
3D Projection Sideband Cooling
We demonstrate 3D microwave projection sideband cooling of trapped, neutral
atoms. The technique employs state-dependent potentials that enable microwave
photons to drive vibration-number reducing transitions. The particular cooling
sequence we employ uses minimal spontaneous emission, and works even for
relatively weakly bound atoms. We cool 76% of atoms to their 3D vibrational
ground states in a site-resolvable 3D optical lattice.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, Supplemental Material included. To appear in
Physical Review Letter
Extreme tunability of interactions in a Li Bose-Einstein condensate
We use a Feshbach resonance to tune the scattering length a of a
Bose-Einstein condensate of 7Li in the |F = 1, m_F = 1> state. Using the
spatial extent of the trapped condensate we extract a over a range spanning 7
decades from small attractive interactions to extremely strong repulsive
interactions. The shallow zero-crossing in the wing of the Feshbach resonance
enables the determination of a as small as 0.01 Bohr radii. In this regime,
evidence of the weak anisotropic magnetic dipole interaction is obtained by
comparison with different trap geometries
Experimental investigation of the asymmetric spectroscopic characteristics of electron- and hole-doped cuprates
Quasiparticle tunneling spectroscopic studies of electron- (n-type) and hole-doped (p-type) cuprates reveal that the pairing symmetry, pseudogap phenomenon and spatial homogeneity of the superconducting order parameter are all non-universal. We compare our studies of p-type YBa2Cu3O7-delta and n-type infinite-layer Sr(0.9)Ln(0.1)CuO(2) (Ln = La, Gd) systems with results from p-type Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox and n-type one-layer Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4 cuprates, and attribute various non-universal behavior to different competing orders in p-type and n-type cuprates
All-Optical Production of a Lithium Quantum Gas Using Narrow-Line Laser Cooling
We have used the narrow transition in the
ultraviolet (uv) to laser cool and magneto-optically trap (MOT) Li atoms.
Laser cooling of lithium is usually performed on the (D2) transition, and temperatures of 300 K are typically
achieved. The linewidth of the uv transition is seven times narrower than the
D2 line, resulting in lower laser cooling temperatures. We demonstrate that a
MOT operating on the uv transition reaches temperatures as low as 59 K.
Furthermore, we find that the light shift of the uv transition in an optical
dipole trap at 1070 nm is small and blue-shifted, facilitating efficient
loading from the uv MOT. Evaporative cooling of a two spin-state mixture of
Li in the optical trap produces a quantum degenerate Fermi gas with atoms a total cycle time of only 11 s.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Optical Bragg, atom Bragg and cavity QED detections of quantum phases and excitation spectra of ultracold atoms in bipartite and frustrated optical lattices
Ultracold atoms loaded on optical lattices can provide unprecedented
experimental systems for the quantum simulations and manipulations of many
quantum phases and quantum phase transitions between these phases. However, so
far, how to detect these quantum phases and phase transitions effectively
remains an outstanding challenge. In this paper, we will develop a systematic
and unified theory of using the optical Bragg scattering, atomic Bragg
scattering or cavity QED to detect the ground state and the excitation spectrum
of many quantum phases of interacting bosons loaded in bipartite and frustrated
optical lattices.
We show that the two photon Raman transition processes in the three detection
methods not only couple to the density order parameter, but also the {\sl
valence bond order} parameter due to the hopping of the bosons on the lattice.
This valence bond order coupling is very sensitive to any superfluid order or
any Valence bond (VB) order in the quantum phases to be probed. These quantum
phases include not only the well known superfluid and Mott insulating phases,
but also other important phases such as various kinds of charge density waves
(CDW), valence bond solids (VBS), CDW-VBS phases with both CDW and VBS orders
unique to frustrated lattices, and also various kinds of supersolids.
The physical measurable quantities of the three experiments are the light
scattering cross sections, the atom scattered clouds and the cavity leaking
photons respectively. We analyze respectively the experimental conditions of
the three detection methods to probe these various quantum phases and their
corresponding excitation spectra. We also address the effects of a finite
temperature and a harmonic trap.Comment: REVTEX4-1, 32 pages, 16.eps figures, to Appear in Annals of Physic