Summary of electrical component development for a 400-hertz Brayton energy conversion system

Design, fabrication, and testing of 12-kilowatt inductor alternator, voltage regulator-exciter, and parasitic loading speed controller - summar

Restructuring the district\u27s high school guidance department

The purpose of this study was to identify and obtain the resources to create a comprehensive guidance department that would meet the needs of our school population in preparing them for the 21st century. Survey questionnaires provided quantitative data for needs analysis. The questionnaire utilized a Likert Scale. All high school students were given the student survey, approximately one-third responded. The purpose was to have an in-depth understanding of which students\u27 needs were being met and which were not. The students were asked to only identify their grade. A stratification by grade of the high school population allowed for a comparison of responses in ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grades. There were only six parent respondents, which created a non-probability sample. Counselors completed both a priority of counseling functions and a career counseling support system survey. The literature review provided the awareness and therefore the insight into the national, district and state standards, program models and essential components. The relevancy and the accountability of a district program will be based upon first identifying what will benefit the student population. The outcome goals to be achieved by students will require standards and student competencies. The goal in synthesizing the researched information will determine the structural and programmatic actions and strategies to produce these desired outcomes

The Fifteenth Amendment\u27s Prohibition against State Suffrage Restrictions Based upon Race Encompasses Ancestral Restrictions That Are Used as Substitutes for Race: \u3cem\u3eRice v. Cayetano\u3c/em\u3e

The Supreme Court of the United States held that State voter eligibility statutes that limit suffrage to only those persons meeting a statutorily defined ancestry are prohibited by the Fifteenth Amendment when the legislative purpose behind the ancestral definition is to treat those defined persons as a distinct people so that ancestry becomes a proxy for race. Rice v. Cayetano, 120 S. Ct. 1044 (2000)

NASA Workshop on Animal Gravity-Sensing Systems

The opportunity for space flight has brought about the need for well-planned research programs that recognize the significance of space flight as a scientific research tool for advancing knowledge of life on Earth, and that utilize each flight opportunity to its fullest. For the first time in history, gravity can be almost completely eliminated. Thus, studies can be undertaken that will help to elucidate the importance of gravity to the normal functioning of living organisms, and to determine the effects microgravity may have on an organism. This workshop was convened to organize a plan for space research on animal gravity-sensing systems and the role that gravity plays in the development and normal functioning of these systems. Scientists working in the field of animal gravity-sensing systems use a wide variety of organisms in their research. The workshop presentations dealt with topics which ranged from the indirect gravity receptor of the water flea, Daphnia (whose antennal setae apparently act as current-sensing receptors as the animal moves up and down in water), through specialized statocyst structures found in jellyfish and gastropods, to the more complex vestibular systems that are characteristic of amphibians, avians, and mammals

Developing Novel Nanoparticulated Imaging System using Luminescence Enhancement of Eu(III) and TB(III) by Single-Strand DNA Encapsulation

Non-toxic biosensors are encountering an increase in attention for use in understanding the fate of cells and as a diagnostic tool. Development and incorporation of suitable fluorophores into biological molecules is the key for monitoring proteins in vivo research. This study investigated the enhanced emission of Eu (III) and Tb (III) upon binding to the four DNA bases and their respective nucleotides, found the best ratio for effective energy transfer, and developing nanoparticles to deliver the biosensor into the cells. It is well known that Eu (III) and Tb (III) exhibit very distinctive photo-characteristics. The luminescence of these two lanthanides is weak due to low absorption cross sections. Conversely, the emission of both trivalent ions, upon irradiation, in aqueous solution, is strong when bound to complex ligand systems. The luminescent enhancement is the result of energy transfer (EnT) and the binding with single-stranded DNA, making these ions perfect candidates for luminescent probes (1). The emission lanthanides theory by G.A. Crosby establishes that the intramolecular energy transfer in a lanthanide complex is when the lowest triplet state energy level of the complex equals or lies above the resonance level of the lanthanide (2) To overcome the inherently low absorption of lanthanide ions, researchers have developed sensitizing fluorophores that upon excitation, transfer energy to the lanthanide (3) (4). One problem with luminescence in an aqueous solution is that another pathway is available for deactivation of the excited state of the lanthanide, in the form of vibrational energy transfer to water molecules (1). Early research shows that quenching of luminescence is minimized by using ligands which tended to encapsulate the lanthanide ion (1). Longer emission lifetimes and greater quantum yield intensities can be accomplished by either chelation by ligands (5)or encapsulation of the lanthanides. We ascertained the maximum enhancement for the lanthanide ions occurred through the interaction with the base guanine or its nucleotide guanosine 5’-monophosphate disodium salt. The research initially pursued the encapsulation of the lanthanide ions by single-strand oligonucleotides as a biosensor. However, an alternative delivery method based on inverse micelles and liposomes was developed and it proved to be economical and simple to encapsulate and deliver the biosensor into the cells. The creation of a double emulsion, or water-oil-water system, and the encapsulation (using palmitic acid as surfactant) of the water soluble biosensors were successful. This thesis determined the particle size achieved of 75nm, for both lanthanides had fallen into the nanoemulsions range. Their small size permits the nanoparticles to be injected intravenously(6). The in vitro toxicity of the nanoparticles, with both luminescence biosensors, was assessed by BCA assay. Results supported both luminescence nanoparticles biosensors were non toxic to human cells. Therefore, these NP’s have a potential to provide a unique detection signature as a contrast agent suitable for medical applications (7). It has been published that nanoparticles (NPs) can rapidly be transported to the liver (about 90%), then kidneys and other organs (8). After a period of time, the NPs are expelled from the human body through feces and urine, unless the size of the NPs is larger than 200 nm, in which case the NPs are retained / trapped by the liver. The particle size obtained in this research, 75nm, is a good indication that the biosensor will have a safe disposal from the body

The Molecular Gas Environment around Two Herbig Ae/Be Stars: Resolving the Outflows of LkHa 198 and LkHa 225S

Observations of outflows associated with pre-main-sequence stars reveal details about morphology, binarity and evolutionary states of young stellar objects. We present molecular line data from the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association array and Five Colleges Radio Astronomical Observatory toward the regions containing the Herbig Ae/Be stars LkHa 198 and LkHa 225S. Single dish observations of 12CO 1-0, 13CO 1-0, N2H+ 1-0 and CS 2-1 were made over a field of 4.3' x 4.3' for each species. 12CO data from FCRAO were combined with high resolution BIMA array data to achieve a naturally-weighted synthesized beam of 6.75'' x 5.5'' toward LkHa 198 and 5.7'' x 3.95'' toward LkHa 225S, representing resolution improvements of factors of approximately 10 and 5 over existing data. By using uniform weighting, we achieved another factor of two improvement. The outflow around LkHa 198 resolves into at least four outflows, none of which are centered on LkHa 198-IR, but even at our resolution, we cannot exclude the possibility of an outflow associated with this source. In the LkHa 225S region, we find evidence for two outflows associated with LkHa 225S itself and a third outflow is likely driven by this source. Identification of the driving sources is still resolution-limited and is also complicated by the presence of three clouds along the line of sight toward the Cygnus molecular cloud. 13CO is present in the environments of both stars along with cold, dense gas as traced by CS and (in LkHa 225S) N2H+. No 2.6 mm continuum is detected in either region in relatively shallow maps compared to existing continuum observations.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures (5 color), accepted for publication in Ap

Erosion Rate Equations for Coarse- Grained Materials Using a Small Flume Testing

Erosion rate of soils during a levee or dam overtopping event is a major component in risk assessment evaluation of breach time and consequently in determining the downstream consequences. There is uncertainty in estimation of the erosion rate especially for coarsegrained materials that comprise the outer shell layer of dams as well as homogenous levees that are constructed of such materials. In this paper, erosion rate results are presented on three soil mixes that share the same median grain size D50 of 2 mm, the fines content varies between zero and 20%, and the gravel content between zero and 30%. Each of the three mixes is compacted in the box at optimum or near optimum moisture content as determined from standard Proctor test. The box measures 0.3 m wide x 0.6 m long x 0.15 m deep. Each material is tested several times at varying hydraulic loading to determine the erosion rate after equal time intervals. The water depth, velocity are measured at each hydraulic loading and the acting bed shear is calculated. The validity of the excess shear stress equation is discussed as well as other bilinear and nonlinear models that could fit the erosion rate of such materials as it relates to the acting bed shear stress. The effect of fines content and level of acting shear stresses are presented in the paper