Symmetry, bifurcation and stacking of the central configurations of the planar 1+4 body problem

In this work we are interested in the central configurations of the planar 1+4 body problem where the satellites have different infinitesimal masses and two of them are diametrically opposite in a circle. We can think this problem as a stacked central configuration too. We show that the configuration are necessarily symmetric and the other sattelites has the same mass. Moreover we proved that the number of central configuration in this case is in general one, two or three and in the special case where the satellites diametrically opposite have the same mass we proved that the number of central configuration is one or two saying the exact value of the ratio of the masses that provides this bifurcation.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1103.627

Final outcome of raptors admitted to the Tafira Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, Gran Canaria Island, Spain (2003–2013)

Disposición final de las rapaces admitidas en el Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre de Tafira, Gran Canaria, España (2003–2013) En este estudio se analizan los resultados de la rehabilitación de aves rapaces silvestres admitidas en el Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre de Tafira en la isla de Gran Canaria, España, desde 2003 hasta 2013, mediante un sistema de auditoría de la calidad basado en los índices generales y clasificados (por causa de admisión) de las cuatro categorías de disposición final, el tiempo hasta la muerte y el tiempo de permanencia como indicadores de calidad. Las categorías de disposición final fueron: eutanasia (Er) = 19,78%, mortalidad no asistida durante la hospitalización (Mr) = 22,20%, liberación (Rr) = 57,57% y cautividad permanente (Cr) = 0,46%. Teniendo en cuenta la especial vulnerabilidad de las especies de rapaces insulares y el alto índice de Rr conseguido, los resultados de este estudio ponen de relieve la importancia de los centros de rehabilitación de fauna silvestre en el tratamiento médico de las aves heridas y la consiguiente liberación de las aves rehabilitadas.Disposición final de las rapaces admitidas en el Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre de Tafira, Gran Canaria, España (2003–2013) En este estudio se analizan los resultados de la rehabilitación de aves rapaces silvestres admitidas en el Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre de Tafira en la isla de Gran Canaria, España, desde 2003 hasta 2013, mediante un sistema de auditoría de la calidad basado en los índices generales y clasificados (por causa de admisión) de las cuatro categorías de disposición final, el tiempo hasta la muerte y el tiempo de permanencia como indicadores de calidad. Las categorías de disposición final fueron: eutanasia (Er) = 19,78%, mortalidad no asistida durante la hospitalización (Mr) = 22,20%, liberación (Rr) = 57,57% y cautividad permanente (Cr) = 0,46%. Teniendo en cuenta la especial vulnerabilidad de las especies de rapaces insulares y el alto índice de Rr conseguido, los resultados de este estudio ponen de relieve la importancia de los centros de rehabilitación de fauna silvestre en el tratamiento médico de las aves heridas y la consiguiente liberación de las aves rehabilitadas.The outcomes of wild raptors admitted to the Tafira Wildlife Rehabilitation Center in Gran Canaria Island, Spain, from 2003 to 2013 were analyzed using a quality auditing system based on the crude and stratified (by causes of admission) rates of four final outcome categories, time until death and length of stay as quality indicators. The outcome categories were: euthanasia (Er = 19.78%); unassisted mortality during hospitalization (Mr = 22.20%); release (Rr = 57.57%); and permanent captivity (Cr = 0.46%). Taking into account the particular vulnerability of insular raptor species and the high Rr achieved, findings from this study emphasize the importance of wildlife rehabilitation centers for the medical management of injured raptors and the subsequent release of rehabilitated individuals into the wild

Payments for ecosystem services in the tropics: a closer look at effectiveness and equity

We undertake a review of academic literature that examines the effectiveness and equity-related performance of PES initiatives targeting biodiversity conservation in tropical and sub-tropical countries. We investigate the key features of such analyses as regards their analytical and methodological approach and we identify emerging lessons from PES practice, leading to a new suggested research agenda. Our results indicate that analyses of PES effectiveness have to date focused on either ecosystem service provision or habitat proxies, with only half of them making explicit assessment of additionality and most describing that payments have been beneficial for land cover and biodiversity. Studies evaluating the impact of PES on livelihoods suggest more negative outcomes, with an uneven treatment of the procedural and distributive considerations of scheme design and payment distribution, and a large heterogeneity of evaluative frameworks. We propose an agenda for future PES research based on the emerging interest in assessing environmental outcomes more rigorously and documenting social impacts in a more comparative and contextually situated form

WAIS-III and WMS-III performance in chronic Lyme disease

There is controversy regarding the nature and degree of intellectual and memory deficits in chronic Lyme disease. In this study, 81 participants with rigorously diagnosed chronic Lyme disease were administered the newest revisions of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III) and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-III), and compared to 39 nonpatients. On the WAIS-III, Lyme disease participants had poorer Full Scale and Performance IQ's. At the subtest level, differences were restricted to Information and the Processing Speed subtests. On the WMS-III, Lyme disease participants performed more poorly on Auditory Immediate, Immediate, Auditory Delayed, Auditory Recognition Delayed, and General Memory indices. Among WMS-III subtests, however, differences were restricted to Logical Memory (immediate and delayed) and Family Pictures (delayed only), a Visual Memory subtest. Discriminant analyses suggest deficits in chronic Lyme are best characterized as a combination of memory difficulty and diminished processing speed. Deficits were modest, between one-third and two-thirds of a standard deviation, consistent with earlier studies. Depression severity had a weak relationship to processing speed, but little other association to test performance. Deficits in chronic Lyme disease are consistent with a subtle neuropathological process affecting multiple performance tasks, although further work is needed to definitively rule out nonspecific illness effects

Severity study in Albinyana (Catalunya) forest fire, using SENTINEL-2 data

Revista oficial de la Asociación Española de Teledetección[EN] The forest fire in Bonastre mountains (an area that has been several times affected by fires) on 06/01/2016, has been studied in order to obtain a Severity index. It is in the municipality of Albinyana, in the Baix Penedès region in Catalonia. The study is considered a starting point for the assessment and monitoring of the dynamics of regeneration of the burned surface. The dNBR index (Delta Normalized Burn Ratio) is obtained from SENTINEL-2 images, and the results are compared with CBI index (Composite Burned Index) obtained from ground survey. This study is a result of the final work of “Màster en Tecnologies de la Informació Geogràfica, 18ª edició”, by the Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) codirected by Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya.[ES] Se ha analizado la severidad del fuego en el incendio de fecha 06/01/2016 en el macizo de Bonastre (que ha sido afectado por incendios forestales en más de una ocasión), situado en el municipio de Albinyana, comarca del Baix Penedès, en Catalunya. Se considera un punto de partida para la evaluación y seguimiento de dinámicas de regeneración de la superficie quemada. Se obtiene el índice dNBR (Delta Normalized Burn Ratio) a partir de imágenes del satélite SENTINEL-2, y se comparan los resultados obtenidos con trabajo de campo analizado según el modelo CBI (Composite Burned Index). Este estudio es resultado del Trabajo de Final de Máster “Màster en Tecnologies de la Informació Geogràfica, 18ª edició”, de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) en codirección con el Instituto Cartográfico y Geológico de Catalunya.Guerrero, A.; Pineda, L.; Palà, V.; Corbera, J. (2017). Estudio de Severidad en el incendio de Albinyana (Catalunya) a partir de datos SENTINEL-2. Revista de Teledetección. (49):115-121. doi:10.4995/raet.2017.7105SWORD11512149Danko III, J., Rogan, J., Kulakowski, D., McConnell, M. 2014. Mapping Burn Severity using the Composite Burn Index in an Oak Savannah in Central Massachusetts. The Geographical Bulletin, 55(1), 36.Mataix-Solera, J., Cerdà, A. 2009. Efectos de los incendios forestales sobre los suelos en Espa-a. Valencia, Spain: FUEGORED, Cátedra de Divulgació de la Ciència, Universitat de València.Miller, J. D., & Thode, A. E. (2007). Quantifying burn severity in a heterogeneous landscape with a relative version of the delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR). Remote Sensing of Environment, 109(1), 66-80. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.12.00

Composition and distribution of the peracarid crustacean fauna along a latitudinal transect off Victoria Land (Ross Sea, Antarctica) with special emphasis on the Cumacea

The following study was the first to describe composition and structure of the peracarid fauna systematically along a latitudinal transect off Victoria Land (Ross Sea, Antarctica). During the 19th Antarctic expedition of the Italian research vessel “Italica” in February 2004, macrobenthic samples were collected by means of a Rauschert dredge with a mesh size of 500 m at depths between 85 and 515 m. The composition of peracarid crustaceans, especially Cumacea was investigated. Peracarida contributed 63% to the total abundance of the fauna. The peracarid samples were dominated by amphipods (66%), whereas cumaceans were represented with 7%. Previously, only 13 cumacean species were known, now the number of species recorded from the Ross Sea increased to 34. Thus, the cumacean fauna of the Ross Sea, which was regarded as the poorest in terms of species richness, has to be considered as equivalent to that of other high Antarctic areas. Most important cumacean families concerning abundance and species richness were Leuconidae, Nannastacidae, and Diastylidae. Cumacean diversity was lowest at the northernmost area (Cape Adare). At the area off Coulman Island, which is characterized by muddy sediment, diversity was highest. Diversity and species number were higher at the deeper stations and abundance increased with latitude. A review of the bathymetric distribution of the Cumacea from the Ross Sea reveals that most species distribute across the Antarctic continental shelf and slope. So far, only few deep-sea records justify the assumption of a shallow-water–deep-sea relationship in some species of Ross Sea Cumacea, which is discussed from an evolutionary point of view

AISA Eagle II hyperspectral data for carbonate geological mapping in a vegetated high relief area: a geologically orientated atmospheric correction

[EN] Carbonated rocks are crucial targets for oil exploration, outcropping often in large areas with minimum spectral differences among geological units. The typical carbonate spectral absorptions in 2200 nm and 2300 nm, are excluded from the wavelength range of AISA Eagle II. AISA Eagle II hyperspectral data are processed in flight lines of 1024 swath pixels in the visible to near-infrared wavelength range (400 to 970 nm). The flight has a spatial resolution of 1 m and records a total of 128 channels with a spectral resolution of 4,8 nm. The area of study is a carbonate rocky mountain densely vegetated, covered by variably dense trees and bushes. Masking vegetation cover and shade effects is prior to any geological analysis using hyperspectral image processing. Carbonate units occur in mountain slopes, with small areas of ridges of rock outcrops and wide fans of loose material. The background soil of different geological units differ spectrally only by overall reflectance. Instead, limestone rocky outcrops display spectral responses with smooth typical iron oxide absorptions that distinguish them apart from loose boulders of limestone. Trying to enhance spectral differences in the visible wavelength range among carbonate geological units, an atmospheric correction using field spectra from geologically selected targets in a limestone quarry was performed. This way, it was possible to map apart lithologically similar detrital units dominated by carbonate in a river plain. The limy river bottom displays spectra with a straight line in the visible wavelength range due to abundant organic matter and small grain size. The spectra of the upper terraces record spectral absorption features related to iron oxide contents similar to the rock outcrops in ridges of mountains. The use of field spectra from geologically selected targets improves the mapping capability of hyperspectral imagery in areas with geological units with a homogeneous spectral response.[ES] Las calizas son rocas críticas en la exploración de petróleo. Desarrollan series estratigráficas a menudo espesas, que afloran con frecuencia en zonas extensas de la superficie terrestre. Estas formaciones litológicas predominantemente carbonatadas presentan diferencias espectrales mínimas entre sí, que permiten su diagnóstico por su respuesta espectral y su cartografía con imágenes. Las bandas de absorción espectral típicas de los carbonatos en 2200 nm y 2300 nm no forman parte del intervalo de longitudes de onda del espectrómetro AISA Eagle II (400 nm-970 nm), con una resolución espectral de 4,8 nm en 128 canales, y 1 m de resolución espacial en el vuelo de estudio. La zona de estudio se encuentra localizada en el Prepirineo español formando un relieve rocoso carbonatado con vegetación densa. El suelo de las distintas formaciones geológicas carbonatadas cartografiadas se distingue espectralmente sólo por su reflectancia global. Los afloramientos rocosos de calizas in situ presentan respuestas espectrales con absorciones típicas de óxidos de hierro. La expresión espectral de las formaciones calizas en las imágenes iniciales mostraban defectos sistemáticos. Para conseguir espectros geológicamente diagnosticables con espectrotecas de referencia, se ha ensayado una corrección atmosférica con espectros de campo tomados en una cantera de calizas, y en afloramientos rocosos de formaciones calcáreas seleccionados, con un espectrómetro de campo y laboratorio ASD Fieldspec 3. En las imágenes hiperespectrales así corregidas, se cartografían formaciones geológicas litológicamente similares correspondientes a la cuenca fluvial del río Noguera Ribagorzana, a su paso por Alfarrás (Lérida), en la que los sedimentos de la llanura aluvial con limos de materiales comparativamente más finos y materia orgánica, presentan espectros típicos con un trazo rectilíneo en el visible, que no aparecía en las imágenes anteriores a la corrección. El uso de espectros de campo seleccionados con criterios geológicos para la corrección atmosférica de imágenes hiperespectrales, mejora la capacidad de las imágenes para elaborar cartografías de formaciones litológicamente similares usando espectrotecas de referencia.El sensor AISA Eagle II fue cedido en préstamo por SPECIM al Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC) para su prueba en vuelo y pre-tratamiento digital. Los estudios de interpretación geológica se han realizado en un convenio entre la Universidad de Barcelona y REPSOL Exploración para formación postdoctoral. Las bases para comenzar este trabajo surgieron durante la tesis doctoral de Buzzi (BES-2008-003648).Buzzi, J.; Costa, E.; Riaza, A.; Fernández, O.; García-Sellés, D.; Corbera, J. (2018). Cartografía de calizas con datos hiperespectrales AISA Eagle II en una zona montañosa con vegetación densa: cómo orientar geológicamente la corrección atmosférica. Revista de Teledetección. (51):125-133. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2018.8998SWORD12513351ASD. 2006. FieldSpecR 3 User Manual, ASD Document 600540 Rev. F. Analytical Spectral Devices, Inc. Disponible en: http://www.asdi.com [Último acceso: junio de 2018].Buzzi, J. 2012. Imaging spectroscopy to evaluate the contamination from sulphide mine waste in the Iberian Pyrite Belt using hyperspectral sensors (Huelva, Spain), Tesis Doctoral Universidad de León, 212 p.Buzzi, J., Riaza, A., García-Meléndez, Carrère, V., Bachmann, M. 2011. Aplicación de modelos Gaussianos modificados a datos hiperespectrales de una zona contaminada por drenaje ácido. Caso del río Odiel (Huelva, España). XIV Congreso de la Asociación Española de Teledetección, Mieres, 21- 23 Septiembre 2011, 285-288.Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.E., Wise, R., Livo, E., Hoefen, T., Kokaly, R., Sutley, S.J. 2007. USGS Digital Spectral Library splib06a. Digital Data Series 231, USGS: Denver, Co, USA, 2007.EXELIS, 2011. ENVI User's Guide. Exelis Visual Information Solutions: Boulder, Co, USA.Hunt, G.R., Salisbury, J.W. 1971a. Visible and Near-infrared Spectra of Minerals and Rocks: II. Carbonates. Modern Geology, 2, 23-30.Hunt, G.R., Salisbury, J.W., Lenhof, J. 1971b. Visible and Near-infrared Spectra of Minerals and Rocks: III Oxides and Hydroxides. Modern Geology, 2, 191-205.Hunt, G.R., Salisbury, J.W., 1976. Visible and Near-infrared Spectra of Minerals and Rocks: XI. Sedimentary Rocks. Modern Geology, 5, 211-217.López-Mir, B., Antón Muñoz, J., García-Senz, J. 2016, 3D geometric reconstruction of Upper Cretaceous passive diapirs and salt withdrawal basins in the Cotiella Basin (southern Pyrinees), Journal of the Geological Society, 173, 616-627. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2016-002Martínez, L., Tardà, A., Palà, V., Arbiol, R. 2006. Atmospheric correction algorithm applied to CASI multi-height hyperspectral imagery. Proceedings Second International Symposium Recent Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing, 25-29 Septiembre 2006.Riaza, A. Buzzi, J., García-Meléndez, E., del Moral, B., Carrère, V., Richter, R. 2017. Monitoring salt crusts on an AMD contaminated coastal wetland using hyperspectral Hyperion data (Estuary of the River Odiel, SW Spain). International Journal of Remote Sensing, 38(12), 3735-3762. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2017.1302621Riaza, A., García-Meléndez, E., Carrère, V., Mueller, A. 2014. Cartografía de sales marinas y fluviales en estuarios receptores de aguas ácidas con imágenes hiperespectrales Hyperion (Marismas del río Odiel, Huelva). Revista de Teledetección, 41, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2014.2255Riaza, A., Buzzi, J., García-Meléndez, E., Carrère, V., Müller, A. 2011. Monitoring the extent of contamination from acid mine drainage in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (SW Spain) using hyperspectral imagery. Remote Sensing, 3, 2166-2186. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3102166Riaza, A., Buzzi, J., García-Meléndez, E., Vázquez, I., Bellido, E., Carrère, V., Müller, A. 2012. Pyrite mine waste and water mapping using Hymap and Hyperion hyperspectral data. Environmental Earth Sciences, 66-7, 1957-1971. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1422-

Generación de mapas de luminancia urbana a partir de un sensor hiperespectral VNIR y una cámara fotogramétrica digital

Revista oficial de la Asociación Española de Teledetección[EN] This paper puts forward a methodology for the generation of high resolution luminance maps from simultaneous hyperspectral VNIR and photogrammetric imagery. The integration of hyperspectral radiance at ground level, properly weighted by the photopic-based coefficients, plus a sensor fusion strategy, provides for the first time a quantitative description of the luminous flux at high spatial resolution and with multi-angle geometry. Accordingly, this methodology allows following up any strategic policy aimed to improve urban illumination management and quantifying its effects in terms of energetic efficiency.[ES] Esta comunicación presenta una metodología para la generación de mapas de luminancia de alta reso-lución a partir de imágenes simultáneas hiperespectrales VNIR y fotogramétricas. La integración de la radiancia hiperespectral a nivel de suelo, ponderada según la curva de visión fotópica, más una estrategia de calibración cruzada de sensores, permiten por primera vez la descripción cuantitativa del flujo luminoso de altísima resolución espacial y con posibilidad de extensión a geometría multiangular. Desde el punto vista práctico, esta metodología hace posible el seguimiento de las acciones adoptadas para mejorar la gestión de la iluminación urbana y cuantifi-car su resultado en términos de eficiencia energética.Pipia, L.; Alamús, R.; Tardà, A.; Pérez-Aragüés, F.; Palà, V.; Corbera, J.; Arnaldich, J. (2016). Hyperspectral VNIR and photogrammetric data fusion approach for urban luminance map generation. Revista de Teledetección. (47):85-97. doi:10.4995/raet.2016.5383.SWORD859747Aubé, M. 2008. Light Pollution Modelling and Detection in a Heterogeneous Environment. Proceedings of Starlight, a Common Heritage, La Palma, Espa-a.Barducci, A., Benvenuti, M., Bonora, L., Castagnoli, F., Guzzi, D., Marcoionni P., Pippi, I. 2006. Hyperspectral remote sensing for light pollution monitoring, Annals of Geophysics, 49(1), 305-310.Berk, A., Anderson, G. P., Acharya, P. K., Bernstein, L. S., Muratov, L., Lee, J., … Lewis, P. E. (2005). MODTRAN 5: a reformulated atmospheric band model with auxiliary species and practical multiple scattering options: update. Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XI. doi:10.1117/12.606026CIE. 1926. Commission internationale de l'Eclairage Proceedings, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Gaston, K. J., Visser, M. E., & Hölker, F. (2015). The biological impacts of artificial light at night: the research challenge. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 370(1667), 20140133. doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0133Kyba, C., Garz, S., Kuechly, H., de Miguel, A., Zamorano, J., Fischer, J., & Hölker, F. (2014). High-Resolution Imagery of Earth at Night: New Sources, Opportunities and Challenges. Remote Sensing, 7(1), 1-23. doi:10.3390/rs70100001Oppenheim, A.V., Schafer, R.W. 1999. Discrete-Time Signal Processing, Second Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc.Zeitler, W., Dörstel, C., Jacobsen, K. 2002. Geometric Calibration of the DMC: Method and Results, International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science, 2002, 34, 324-332

A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of repeated IV antibiotic therapy for Lyme encephalopathy

Background: Optimal treatment remains uncertain for patients with cognitive impairment that persists or returns after standard IV antibiotic therapy for Lyme disease. Methods: Patients had well-documented Lyme disease, with at least 3 weeks of prior IV antibiotics, current positive IgG Western blot, and objective memory impairment. Healthy individuals served as controls for practice effects. Patients were randomly assigned to 10 weeks of double-masked treatment with IV ceftriaxone or IV placebo and then no antibiotic therapy. The primary outcome was neurocognitive performance at week 12—specifically, memory. Durability of benefit was evaluated at week 24. Group differences were estimated according to longitudinal mixed-effects models. Results: After screening 3368 patients and 305 volunteers, 37 patients and 20 healthy individuals enrolled. Enrolled patients had mild to moderate cognitive impairment and marked levels of fatigue, pain, and impaired physical functioning. Across six cognitive domains, a significant treatment-by-time interaction favored the antibiotic-treated group at week 12. The improvement was generalized (not specific to domain) and moderate in magnitude, but it was not sustained to week 24. On secondary outcome, patients with more severe fatigue, pain, and impaired physical functioning who received antibiotics were improved at week 12, and this was sustained to week 24 for pain and physical functioning. Adverse events from either the study medication or the PICC line were noted among 6 of 23 (26.1%) patients given IV ceftriaxone and among 1 of 14 (7.1%) patients given IV placebo; these resolved without permanent injury. Conclusion: IV ceftriaxone therapy results in short-term cognitive improvement for patients with posttreatment Lyme encephalopathy, but relapse in cognition occurs after the antibiotic is discontinued. Treatment strategies that result in sustained cognitive improvement are needed