Atendimento ao cliente em um e-commerce especializado em equipamentos para a prática de surfe

O advento da internet trouxe mais agilidade e facilidade de busca por informações, esta mudança tecnológica atinge as empresas que visam uma nova possibilidade de negócio. Este artigo busca compreender o atendimento em um e-commerce especializado em venda de equipamentos de surfe, assim como apontar a importância da pós-venda, analisar o auxílio prestado pelo site aos clientes que possuem dúvida e verificar a satisfação dos clientes frente aos serviços prestados. Por meio de entrevistas realizadas com o sócio proprietário da empresa comsurf.com.br e clientes do site, buscou-se atingir os objetivos propostos. Entre os principais resultados pode-se destacar que o detalhamento das informações técnicas dos produtos, para auxílio na compra dos clientes é uma restrição nos processos da empresa. Desta forma, o estudo propõe que a empresa analise a inclusão de mais um funcionário focado somente para este processo, ou então defina um integrante já existente como responsável somente por esta parte, para que continue com este diferencial perante seus concorrentes.The advent of internet has brought more flexibility and ease of finding information, this technological change affects companies that seek a new possibility for business. This article seeks to understand the care in a specialized e-commerce selling surfing equipment, as well as pointing out the importance of after-sales, analyze the aid provided by the site to customers who have questions and verify customer satisfaction compared to the services provided. Through interviews with the partner owner of comsurf.com.br company and website customers, we sought to achieve the proposed goals. The main results can be noted that the details of the technical product information to aid in customer purchase is a restriction in the company's processes. Thus, the study suggests that the company review the inclusion of an employee focused only for this process, or set an existing member responsible only for this part, to continue with this differential to its competitors

The use of risk assessment to support control of Salmonella in pork

Salmonella is one of the major zoonotic foodborne pathogens worldwide and pork products have been identified among the main sources of salmonellosis in humans. In some countries, like Brazil, relatively high prevalences may be found in pig herds and among carcasses at slaughter (Schwarz et al. 2010). In Denmark, a contingency plan has been in place but nevertheless domestic pork is still estimated to be the most important food source for salmonellosis, as it is in the EU as a whole (Anonymous 2015). Therefore, there is a continued focus on the identification of effective intervention measures in the pig and pork production chain. In this keynote, an overview will be given of some research projects that have been performed to study the potentials of interventions in the pork production chain. The specific objective in these projects was to estimate their effectivity in terms of reduction of the public health risk of salmonellosis. The results illustrate how a quantitative microbiological risk assessments (QMRAs) approach can be applied to support the control of Salmonella in pork

Application of qualitative risk assessment to prioritize hazards in pork products in Brazil

The main objective of carcass and meat inspection is to promote animal and public health by controlling and detecting pathogens. Procedures of inspection of pig carcasses in Brazil are based on macroscopic examinations (incisions and palpations) attempting to identify potential hazards to animal and human health, mainly related to classic zoonotic diseases. This inspection structure is based on evidence related to the high relevance of parasites in which transmission and maintenance are strictly linked to the low level of biosecurity measures applied in the farms

Beneficial effects of pharmacological treatment in post-stroke dynamic aphasia: a behavioural and neuroimaging study

Introduction : Dynamic Aphasia (DA) is a rare form of language disorder characterized by reduced spontaneous speech with preservation of other language functions. Two types of DA have been described: language-specific type (type I DA) and domain-general type (type II DA). In type I DA, deficits are selective for word and sentence generation, whereas in type II DA impairments affect discourse generation, narrative, fluency, and non-verbal generation tasks. There is little information on the treatment of DA. Although treatment with a cognitive enhancing drug (bromocriptine) improved outcome in previous studies, pharmacological interventions combining two drugs acting on other neurotransmitter systems in DA have not been reported so far. Methods : We report an open-label pharmacological single case study (n = 1) in a male patient with a chronic type I/II DA secondary to an ischemic infarction in the left fronto-opercular and insular regions. After baseline evaluation, the patient received donepezil 5 mg/day (2 months), donepezil 10 mg/day (2 months), donepezil 10 mg/day plus memantine 20 mg/day (4½ months) followed by a washout period (1½ months). No speech-language therapy was used. A comprehensive cognitive and language evaluation was carried out at baseline and at different endpoints. 18FDG-PET was performed at the four timepoints. Results : Donepezil (5 mg/day) significantly improved type I DA features (normalization of verbs generation, p = 0.01), whereas donepezil (10 mg/day) improved some type II features (normalizing spontaneous speech, verbal fluency and improving generation of novel thoughts, p = 0.004), along with improvement of executive-attentional functioning. Combined therapy further enhanced cognitive function, but did not additionally improved DA. 18 FDG-PET revealed significant reductions of perilesional hypometabolic activity mainly after donepezil (10 mg/day) and washout. Discussion : Treatment with donepezil improved language deficits in a patient with chronic post-stroke type I/II DA. Combined therapy (donepezil plus memantine) further enhanced executive-attentional functioning. Beneficial changes were associated with improvements in perilesional metabolic activity. References : Luria AR et al.Acta Neurologica et Psychiatrica (1967). Robinson G et al. Brain (1998). Keywords : Language; patients; single case study; adults; cerebrovascular; behavioural, functional imaging.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Molecular prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in bulk-tank milk from bovine dairy herds :systematic review and meta-analysis

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular zoonotic bacterium that causes Q fever. Ruminants, including cattle, are broadly known to be reservoirs for this bacterium. Since 2006, many research groups have evaluated the herd-level prevalence of C. burnetii in cattle by molecular techniques on composite milk samples. This study explored the global C. burnetii herd-level prevalence from studies done on bovine bulk-tank milk (BTM) samples using PCR-based analysis. Also, moderators were investigated to identify sources of heterogeneity. Databases (CAB Abstracts, Medline via Ovid, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for index articles on C. burnetii prevalence in BTM samples by PCR published between January-1973 and November-2018. Numerous studies (1054) were initially identified, from which seventeen original publications were included in the meta-analysis based on the pre-defined selection criteria. These studies comprised 4031 BTM samples from twelve countries. A random-effects model was used because of considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 98%) to estimate the herd-level prevalence of C. burnetii as 37.0%(CI95%25.2–49.5%). The average herd size appeared to account for a high level of the heterogeneity. No other moderators (geographic location, gross national income or notification criteria for Q fever) seemed to be determinant. This systematic evaluation demonstrated a high molecular prevalence of C. burnetii in BTM samples both in European and non-European countries, evidencing a widespread herd-level circulation of this agent in bovine dairy farms around the world. Meta-regression showed herd size as the most relevant moderator with the odds of a BTM sample testing positive doubling with every unit increase

Qualidade microbiológica de queijos coloniais comercializados em Porto Alegre-RS

Colonial cheese is a traditional dairy product in southern Brazil and is commonly purchased by the citizens of Porto Alegre. However, there is still a lack of technical regulation of colonial cheese, and there is little information about the microbiological quality of this product at the retail level. Thus, the objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate compliance with the legal microbiological standards of colonial cheese sampled from street fairs and the central market of the city of Porto Alegre; (ii) statistically test the hypothesis of an association between noncompliance with the standards and local purchasing (street fairs or central market); (iii) estimate the number of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in the positive samples; and (iv) characterize the L. monocytogenes strains by serotyping and macrorestriction (PFGE). For this purpose, 205 cheese samples belonging to 17 different brands were analyzed. The microbiological analyses were conducted according to ISO standardized protocols for the detection of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. or by enumeration of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and coliforms at 45°C. Among the samples, 47.31% did not comply with at least one of the microbiological standards established by the Brazilian legislation and were thus unsuitable for human consumption. Regarding the coliforms at 45ºC and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, 10.73% and 40.48% of the samples presented higher counts than the legal parameter, respectively. There was no association between the frequency of samples with coagulase-positive Staphylococcus counts above the legal parameter and local of purchasing; however, the commercial brand influenced the frequency of unsuitable samples This may indicate failures of hygiene during cheese production. Salmonella spp. were not detected. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 2.9% of the samples. The estimated average populations of Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes were low in the positive cheese samples at -3.3 log CFU g‾1 and -2.26 log CFU g‾¹, respectively. The strains of L. monocytogenes belonged to serovars 1/2a, 1/2b and 1/2c and could be grouped into five pulsotypes with no evident epidemiological relation among them. The results demonstrate the need to improve the hygiene procedures during colonial cheese production and to strengthen monitoring at the dairy plants and retail levels.O queijo colonial é um derivado lácteo típico do sul do Brasil, e amplamente adquirido pela população da cidade de Porto Alegre. Porém, esse produto lácteo ainda não conta com regulamento técnico específico e ainda há poucos dados sobre a qualidade microbiológica dos queijos ofertados à população. Sendo assim, os objetivos do estudo foram: (i) avaliar os parâmetros microbiológicos previstos na legislação em queijos coloniais comercializados em Feiras Modelo e Mercado Público de Porto Alegre; (ii) testar hipóteses estatísticas de associação entre violação do padrão microbiológico estabelecido na legislação com o ponto de comercialização; (iii) estimar a distribuição de contagem de Listeria sp. e L. monocytogenes nos queijos em que esta bactéria foi detectada e (iv) caracterizar as cepas de L. monocytogenes por sorotipificação e macro-restrição. Para tanto, foram analisadas 205 amostras de queijo, compreendendo 17 marcas distintas. As análises microbiológicas foram conduzidas conforme protocolos padronizados de análise de alimentos e evidenciaram que 47,31% dos queijos estavam não conformes com pelo menos um dos parâmetros microbiológicos estabelecidos na RDC nº12/2001, portanto impróprios ao consumo humano. Com relação à quantificação de coliformes a 45ºC e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, respectivamente, 10,73% e 40,48% das amostras apresentaram contagens superiores ao estabelecido na legislação A distribuição das amostras não conformes com o parâmetro Staphylococcus coagulase positiva não esteve associada ao ponto de comercialização, mas foi influenciada pela marca comercial do queijo, indicando possíveis falhas na elaboração dos mesmos. Não houve detecção de Salmonella sp. e em 2,9% das amostras havia presença de L. monocytogenes. A população média estimada nos queijos positivos para Listeria sp. e L. monocytogenes foi baixa, respectivamente, -3,3 log UFC g-1 e -2,26 log UFC g-1. As cepas de L. monocytogenes pertenciam aos sorovares 1/2a, 1/2b e 1/2c e a macro-restrição demonstrou a presença de cinco pulsotipos sem relação epidemiológica evidente. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de melhorar a qualidade higiênica da elaboração do queijo colonial e aumentar a fiscalização sanitária desse produto

Characterization of the transfer probability of Salmonella ser. Typhimurium between pork and a cutting knife in an experimental model

Cross-contamination is an important event for bacterial transfer throughout the pork production chain. In Brazil, Salmonella sp. is the most relevant hazard in the pork industry, and further knowledge concerning its contamination is essential for in-depth risk assessments. Thus, we aimed to assess the transfer probability of Salmonella sp. between a knife and pork in a domestic kitchen scenario to provide parametrization for incorporating transfer of Salmonella sp. in risk assessment models. To estimate Salmonella Typhimuium transfer rates between contaminated pork and a knife blade during cutting, 23 independent experiments were performed. A Bayesian inference was utilized to determine the transfer probability, capturing the uncertainty generated in the transfer probability experiments. The mean transfer probability was 0.03 for knife to pork [0.029; 0.032] 95% credible interval (CrI) and 0.0042 for pork to knife [0.0041; 0.0043] 95% CrI. The probabilistic estimate of the transfer probability of Salmonella sp. during pork cutting gives insights on a relevant parameter for the consumer phase of the pork production industry in Brazil, allowing for enhanced risk assessment models

Análise epidemiológica de carcaças bovinas afetadas por cisticercose e hidatidose no estado do Rio Grande do Sul de 2014 a 2018

Bovine cysticercosis and hydatidosis are frequently identified by inspectors in slaughterhouses from the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Slaughterhouse records can provide valuable information for animal-related diseases and public health surveillance. Analyzing these data can aid set priorities to regions or properties that need more attention. Slaughter condemnation data is collected daily and stored in the Agricultural Defense System (SDA) database of the State Veterinary Services. However, it needs to be turned into useful information in bovine cysticercosis and hydatidosis surveillance programs. This study aimed to discuss how the analysis of condemnation data in the context of epidemiology can be useful for a surveillance system of bovine cysticercosis and hydatidosis. For this purpose, slaughter data of 5,137,870 cattle from 480,000 animal movement permits (GTA) from 97,891 farms from 2014 to 2018 were obtained from the Secretary of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (SEAPDR-RS). Differences in the occurrence rates of bovine cysticercosis and hydatidosis among mesoregions over time were assessed through generalized linear models. Cysticercosis was identified in 65,379 (1.27%) carcasses and hydatidosis in 323,395 (6.29%). The occurrence rates of both diseases varied distinctly over time between the regions (p<0.01). Next, a process was developed to identify priority farms to target a surveillance program based on the prevalence. Period prevalence for cysticercosis and hydatidosis was obtained for each farm. The epidemiological indicator was calculated for each farm, dividing the number of affected carcasses by the number of bovines sent to slaughter during the period. The mean prevalence was obtained, and the exact binomial test was applied to identify farms presenting prevalence above the mean. It was observed that 2.48% and 6.17% of the farms had prevalence above the population mean prevalence of cysticercosis and hydatidosis, respectively. The Western mesoregion had the highest percentage of farms with prevalence above the average for cysticercosis (6.9%), followed by the Southwest mesoregion (6.0%). For hydatidosis, the percentage frequency of farms with prevalence above the average was markedly higher in the mesoregions Southeast (32.8%) and Southwest (29.5%). The results showed that analysis of slaughterhouse condemnation data of SDA is useful to identify situations in which the occurrence of the diseases is significantly higher than the average to apply additional measures or epidemiological investigations. This information may be useful in plans of epidemiological surveillance programs for controlling bovine cysticercosis and hydatidosis by the State’s Official Veterinary Services.Lesões características de cisticercose e hidatidose bovina são frequentemente identificadas por fiscais em abatedouros no Rio Grande do Sul. Dados de condenações destas propriedades são coletados diariamente e armazenados em banco de dados do Sistema de Defesa Agropecuária (SDA) da Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural (SEAPDR-RS), podendo fornecer informações valiosas para a vigilância de doenças de importância para a saúde animal e saúde pública, bem como, contribuir para a tomada de decisão direcionada a propriedades rurais ou regiões que realmente necessitam de intervenção sanitária. No entanto, estes dados precisam ser transformados em informação útil para programas de prevenção e controle da cisticercose e da hidatidose bovina. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os dados de condenações de carcaças bovinas abatidas em frigoríficos sob inspeção estadual no Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 2014 a 2018. Foram utilizados dados de 5.137.870 bovinos enviados para abate em 480.000 lotes (GTA emitidas) de 97.891 fazendas. Diferenças nas taxas de ocorrência de cisticercose e hidatidose bovina ao longo do tempo, entre as mesorregiões do Rio Grande do Sul, foram analisadas por meio de modelos lineares generalizados. A cisticercose foi identificada em 65.379 (1,27%) carcaças e a hidatidose em 323.395 (6,29%) carcaças. Ao longo do tempo detectou-se uma tendência de redução nas taxas de ocorrência das duas doenças que, por sua vez, se comportaram de maneira distinta entre as mesorregiões (p<0,01). Por outro lado, desenvolveu-se um processo para identificação de propriedades prioritárias para ação de vigilância com base na prevalência. A prevalência no período para cisticercose e hidatidose foi calculada para cada propriedade. O indicador foi obtido dividindo-se o número de carcaças afetadas pelo número total de animais enviados para abate, ou seja, é a proporção de ocorrência das parasitoses dentre os animais enviados para abate em cada propriedade no período de cinco anos. A prevalência média ou populacional (π), que é a média das prevalências de todas as propriedades, foi calculada e, em seguida, foi aplicado o teste exato binomial para identificar as propriedades com prevalência acima da média para ambas as doenças. Foi observado que 2,48% (2.425/97.841) e 6,17% (6.039/97.841) das propriedades apresentavam prevalências acima da média populacional para cisticercose e hidatidose, respectivamente. Observou-se que a mesorregião Centro Ocidental possui maior frequência percentual de propriedades com prevalência de cisticercose acima da média (6,9%), seguido pela mesorregião Sudoeste (6,0%). Já para hidatidose, a frequência percentual de propriedades com prevalência acima da média foi substancialmente superior nas mesorregiões Sudeste (32,8%) e Sudoeste (29,5%) quando comparada às demais. Os resultados demonstraram que com os dados de condenações de abatedouro do SDA foi possível identificar situações em que a ocorrência das doenças é significativamente alta e que necessitam de medidas ou investigações epidemiológicas adicionais. O conhecimento dessa informação pode ser útil no planejamento de programas de vigilância epidemiológica para o controle da cisticercose e hidatidose bovina pelos serviços veterinários oficiais do Estado