Refletindo sobre o processo de institucionalização do idoso

Background and objectives: Aging is a natural process that has achieved greater importance and concern from the considerable increase in life expectancy of the population. It is noted that currently there is an increase of studies related to elderly care, especially one who is in a long-stay institution (ILP). The aim of this paper is to discuss the elderly institutionalization process and the characteristics of the family group and profile of the hospitalized population in these institutions. Content: The increase in the elderly population over time is accompanied by changes in family structure and routine, so that, for many families, become unviable meet the needs of the elderly. Thus, the long-stay institutions for the Elderly (ILPIs) constitute an alternative to meet these needs, providing comprehensive care for multidisciplinary teamwork. However, one should pay special attention, so that there is a break in the family ties of the elderly, since the family is an essential tool in the care qualification. Conclusion: It is essential to abandon the concept that by joining the ILPIs the elderly are abandoned and helpless, because with the change in family routine, the implementation of the National Policy for the Elderly and the improvement of institutions, it has become an important alternative to the well-being of the elderly, allowing access to assistance that often do not receive in their home environment, it is important to maintain the family bond, as it constitutes an important tool for the quality of life of the elderly.Justificativa e Objetivo: O envelhecimento é um processo natural que vem obtendo maior relevância e preocupação a partir do aumento considerável da expectativa de vida da população. É observado que atualmente ocorre um aumento de estudos relacionados com o cuidado do idoso, em especial daquele que se encontra em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência (ILP). O objetivo deste artigo é discutir sobre o processo de institucionalização do idoso e sobre as características do grupo familiar e perfil da população internada nestas instituições. Conteúdo: O aumento da população idosa ao longo do tempo é acompanhado por modificações na estrutura e rotina familiar, fazendo com que, para muitas famílias, torne-se inviável atender as necessidades do idoso. Deste modo, as Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPIs) constituem-se em uma alternativa para suprir estas necessidades, proporcionando cuidado amplo pelo trabalho de equipe multidisciplinar. No entanto, deve-se ter uma atenção especial, para que não ocorra uma quebra no vínculo familiar do idoso, visto que a família é uma ferramenta essencial na qualificação do cuidado. Conclusão: É fundamental abandonar o conceito de que ao ingressar nas ILPIs o idoso está abandonado e desamparado, pois com a mudança na rotina familiar, a implantação da Política Nacional do Idoso e o aprimoramento das instituições, esta tornou-se uma alternativa importante para o bem estar do idoso, permitindo acesso a uma assistência que, muitas vezes, não receberia em seu ambiente familiar, sendoimportante a manutenção do vínculo familiar, pois constitui-se em importante ferramenta para a qualidade de vida do idoso

Refletindo sobre o processo de institucionalização do idoso

Justificativa e Objetivo: O envelhecimento é um processo natural que vem obtendo maior relevância e preocupação a partir do aumento considerável da expectativa de vida da população. É observado que atualmente ocorre um aumento de estudos relacionados com o cuidado do idoso, em especial daquele que se encontra em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência (ILP). O objetivo deste artigo é discutir sobre o processo de institucionalização do idoso e sobre as características do grupo familiar e perfil da população internada nestas instituições. Conteúdo: O aumento da população idosa ao longo do tempo é acompanhado por modificações na estrutura e rotina familiar, fazendo com que, para muitas famílias, torne-se inviável atender as necessidades do idoso. Deste modo, as Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPIs) constituem-se em uma alternativa para suprir estas necessidades, proporcionando cuidado amplo pelo trabalho de equipe multidisciplinar. No entanto, deve-se ter uma atenção especial, para que não ocorra uma quebra no vínculo familiar do idoso, visto que a família é uma ferramenta essencial na qualificação do cuidado. Conclusão: É fundamental abandonar o conceito de que ao ingressar nas ILPIs o idoso está abandonado e desamparado, pois com a mudança na rotina familiar, a implantação da Política Nacional do Idoso e o aprimoramento das instituições, esta tornou-se uma alternativa importante para o bem estar do idoso, permitindo acesso a uma assistência que, muitas vezes, não receberia em seu ambiente familiar, sendoimportante a manutenção do vínculo familiar, pois constitui-se em importante ferramenta para a qualidade de vida do idoso

Canine adenovirus type 1 and Pasteurella pneumotropica co–infection in a puppy [Co‑infezione di adenovirus canino tipo 1 e Pasteurella pneumotropica in un cucciolo di pastore tedesco]

In 2008, a 2‑month‑old male German shepherd was presented with fever, depression, and evident organic wasting. The puppy died within 48 hours after the onset of clinical signs. A complete necropsy was performed. Bacteriological examination of samples from the brain, lung, liver, spleen, and bone marrow tested positive for Pasteurella pneumotropica. Histopathology demonstrated inflammatory and vascular lesions in the central nervous system and internal organs. Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV‑1) nucleic acid was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the frozen brain but not in the formalin‑fixed, paraffin‑embedded liver and lung samples. The positive PCR was subsequently confirmed by indirect fluorescent antibody testing of the paraffin‑embedded brain and liver sections. Although the liver is the primary site of viral damage, these laboratory findings suggest that CAdV‑1 infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of neuropathological diseases in dogs and that adenoviral infections could promote septicaemia caused by opportunistic pathogens

Serologic evidence of West Nile virus and Saint Louis encephalitis virus in horses from Southern Brazil

Flaviviruses as West Nile virus (WNV), Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), Ilhéus virus (ILHV), and Rocio virus (ROCV) are previously reported in different Brazilian regions, but studies in Southern Brazil are still scarce. To improve the information regarding flaviviruses in Southern Brazil, horse serum samples were analyzed using RT-qPCR and a commercial ELISA-Ab against WNV followed by PRNT75. All 1000 samples analyzed by real-time RT-PCR resulted negative. The 465 subsampled samples were analyzed by a commercial ELISA-Ab against WNV, and the 18.5% (86/465) positive samples were further analyzed by PRNT75. In the PRNT75, 13/86 and 2/86 horses were positive for SLEV and WNV, respectively. It was observed that 5.8% (13/226) of the farms presented at least one positive animal for SLEV in PRNT75, whereas 0.9% (2/226) for WNV. Apart from the lower seroprevalences identified when compared to data previously reported in other Brazilian regions, our results suggest that public health professionals must be aware of the presence of these potential zoonotic pathogens

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially