44 research outputs found
LâintĂ©gration du sonore au musĂ©e
Ce travail aborde les diffĂ©rentes fonctions que lâon peut donner au son dans lâenceinte du musĂ©e et les conditions de sa mise en exposition au travers dâexemples puisĂ©s dans diffĂ©rents musĂ©es. Comme outils ou comme objets, les sons constituent une dimension importante de lâexposition. Le choix de leur mode de diffusion, individuel ou collectif, sur un parcours qui rĂ©ussit Ă associer lâĆil et lâoreille, ouvre de nouvelles perspectives musĂ©ographiques
Lâimaginaire utopique dans la ComĂ©die ancienne, entre eutopie et dystopie (lâexemple des Oiseaux dâAristophane)
Cet article se propose dâĂ©tudier le fonctionnement du dispositif utopique dans les Oiseaux dâAristophane. La piĂšce met en oeuvre certains motifs formels caractĂ©ristiques de lâimaginaire utopique (voyage vers des peuples lointains, restauration dâun Ăąge dâor perdu, monde Ă lâenvers) ; elle est aussi traversĂ©e par des problĂ©matiques contemporaines (progrĂšs vs primitivisme, thĂ©ories sophistiques sur la nature et la loi) qui donnent Ă lâutopie son contenu et son sens. Ă cet Ă©gard, Aristophane subvertit les codes de lâutopie en mettant en scĂšne une utopie ambivalente, oscillant entre eutopie et dystopie ; lâironie du poĂšte se manifeste aussi dans le retour de la rĂ©alitĂ© athĂ©nienne honnie au sein de Coucouville-les-NuĂ©es. Ce reflet dâAthĂšnes permet alors Ă lâutopie comique dâexercer ses fonctions : quâil sâagisse de rĂ©vĂ©ler une crise de la citĂ© rĂ©elle ou de rĂ©affirmer en nĂ©gatif un idĂ©al politique, lâutopie comique participe Ă sa maniĂšre au dĂ©bat dâidĂ©es sur lâaristĂš politeia et invite les spectateurs Ă situer AthĂšnes par rapport Ă ce modĂšle.The aim of this paper is to study the mechanism of utopia in Aristophanesâ Birds. This comedy reveals a number of formal patterns typical of utopian fantasy such as the journey to faraway countries, the restoration of a golden age, or the vision of a world upside down; it is also pervaded by contemporary issues (progress vs primitivism, sophistic ideas on nature and law) which give utopia its features and meaning. Aristophanes subverts the codes of utopia by staging an ambiguous utopia, wavering between eutopia and dystopia; the poetâs irony can also be perceived insofar as the once loathed Athenian reality shows up amidst Cloudcuckooland. This reflection of Athens allows for the comic utopia: whether it reveals the crisis striking the real city or asserts a political ideal by contrast, the comic utopia contributes in its own way to the debate upon aristĂš politeia and urges the spectators to consider Athens in relation to this model
Le management stratégique de la propriété intellectuelle : nouvelles perspectives et nouveaux enjeux
Dosage-dependent effects of permethrin-treated nets on the behaviour of Anopheles gambiae and the selection of pyrethroid resistance
BACKGROUND: The evolution and spread of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s, the major malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa, is of great concern owing to the importance of pyrethroid-treated nets in the WHO global strategy for malaria control. The impact of kdr (the main pyrethroid-resistance mechanism) on the behaviour of An. gambiae is not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether high or low doses of permethrin differ in their resistance-selection effects. METHODS: The effect of permethrin treatment was assessed under laboratory conditions using the tunnel test technique against susceptible, heterozygous and homozygous genotypes. Experimental huts trials were then carried out in Benin to assess the level of personal protection conferred by nets treated with a variety of permethrin concentrations and their impact on the selection for kdr allele. RESULTS: Tunnel tests showed that nets treated with permethrin at 250 and 500 mg/m(2 )induced higher mortality and blood feeding reduction among susceptible and heterozygous (RS) females as compared to the lower concentration (100 mg/m(2)). The experimental hut trials showed that the best personal protection was achieved with the highest permethrin concentration (1,000 mg/m(2)). Mosquito genotyping revealed a non-linear relationship in the survival of kdr susceptible and resistant genotypes with permethrin dosage. Higher dosages (â„250 mg/m(2)) killed more efficiently the RS genotypes than did lower dosages (50 and 100 mg/m(2)). CONCLUSION: This study showed that nets treated with high permethrin concentrations provided better blood feeding prevention against pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae than did lower concentrations. Permethrin-treated nets seem unlikely to select for pyrethroid resistance in areas where the kdr mutation is rare and present mainly in heterozygous form
HSAF-induced antifungal effects in Candida albicans through ROS-mediated apoptosis
Heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF) belongs to polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PTMs), which inhibits many fungal pathogens and is effective in inhibiting Candida albicans (C. albicans). In this study, we found that HSAF induced the apoptosis of C. albicans SC5314 through inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nevertheless, we validated the efficacy of HSAF against candidiasis caused by C. albicans in a murine model in vivo,and HSAF significantly improved survival and reduced fungal burden compared to vehicles. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was also investigated, revealing the theoretical binding mode of HSAF to the ÎČ-tubulin of C. albicans. This study first found PTMs-induced fungal apoptosis through ROS accumulation in C. albicans and its potential as a novel agent for fungicides
Presence of susceptible wild strains of Anopheles gambiae in a large industrial palm farm located in Aboisso, South-Eastern of CĂŽte dâIvoire
Le bestiaire d'Aristophane / par CĂ©cile Corbel-Morana
International audienceÎÏΔÎșΔÎșΔÎșΔΟ ÎșÎżÎ±ÎŸ ÎșÎżÎ±ÎŸ. Le refrain du chĆur des Grenouilles qui accompagne la catabase de Dionysos, parti aux Enfers chercher un bon poĂšte tragique, est sans doute le vers le plus cĂ©lĂšbre dâAristophane : les animaux de son thĂ©Ăątre mĂ©ritaient une Ă©tude qui cherchĂąt Ă vĂ©rifier en quoi ils pouvaient dĂ©finir lâĆuvre du poĂšte comique au point dâen devenir lâemblĂšme. Animaux bons Ă manger, chĆurs zoomorphes, mĂ©taphores et comparaisons animales qui envahissent le texte et la scĂšne, tous sont investis dâune fonction symbolique essentielle dans la reprĂ©sentation de la sociĂ©tĂ© des hommes qui intĂ©resse le poĂšte, et constituent une vĂ©ritable clef dâinterprĂ©tation pour lâensemble de son Ćuvre. Quâil sâagisse du style et de la dramaturgie de ce reprĂ©sentant de la ComĂ©die ancienne, du regard quâil porte sur la CitĂ© Ă travers lâutopie et la satire politique, ou encore du dialogue quâil entretient avec la tradition littĂ©raire et de la rĂ©flexion quâil mĂšne inlassablement sur le mĂ©tier de poĂšte, il nâest en fait pas un seul aspect du thĂ©Ăątre dâAristophane qui ne puisse ĂȘtre Ă©clairĂ© par lâĂ©tude de son bestiair
La construction du type du démagogue dans la comédie ancienne : codes et fonctions du blùme comique
International audienceIs Aristophanesâ caricature of Cleon motivated by any personal or political animosity ? Are the comedianâs allegations well-founded ? The castigation rather aims at building up a grotesque stereotype within the comic repertoire, as shown by the standardization of some satirical leitmotivs which can be found in the ancient comedies devoted to the bashing of Athenian demagogues at the end of the fifth century. This paper analyses the debasement of the political leader so as to understand its function and significance in the democratic polisLe portrait-charge quâAristophane fait de ClĂ©on traduit-il une hostilitĂ© personnelle ou politique Ă son Ă©gard ? Les allĂ©gations du poĂšte comique sont-elles fondĂ©es ? Le blĂąme sert bien plutĂŽt Ă construire un type grotesque du rĂ©pertoire comique, comme le montre la rĂ©currence de certains motifs satiriques bien codifiĂ©s dans lâensemble des comĂ©dies anciennes consacrĂ©es au dĂ©nigrement et Ă lâhumiliation des dĂ©magogues athĂ©niens Ă la fin du Ve siĂšcle. On analyse ici ce traitement dĂ©gradant du chef politique pour tenter dâen comprendre la fonction et la portĂ©e dans le rĂ©gime dĂ©mocratiqu
La construction du type du démagogue dans la comédie ancienne : codes et fonctions du blùme comique
International audienceIs Aristophanesâ caricature of Cleon motivated by any personal or political animosity ? Are the comedianâs allegations well-founded ? The castigation rather aims at building up a grotesque stereotype within the comic repertoire, as shown by the standardization of some satirical leitmotivs which can be found in the ancient comedies devoted to the bashing of Athenian demagogues at the end of the fifth century. This paper analyses the debasement of the political leader so as to understand its function and significance in the democratic polisLe portrait-charge quâAristophane fait de ClĂ©on traduit-il une hostilitĂ© personnelle ou politique Ă son Ă©gard ? Les allĂ©gations du poĂšte comique sont-elles fondĂ©es ? Le blĂąme sert bien plutĂŽt Ă construire un type grotesque du rĂ©pertoire comique, comme le montre la rĂ©currence de certains motifs satiriques bien codifiĂ©s dans lâensemble des comĂ©dies anciennes consacrĂ©es au dĂ©nigrement et Ă lâhumiliation des dĂ©magogues athĂ©niens Ă la fin du Ve siĂšcle. On analyse ici ce traitement dĂ©gradant du chef politique pour tenter dâen comprendre la fonction et la portĂ©e dans le rĂ©gime dĂ©mocratiqu