Reinventing tourism cities: Examining technologies, applications, and city branding in leading smart cities

Cities have become engines of economic development. Numerous cities have positively affected the living conditions of residents and visitors by using technological and innovative service delivery tools called smart city technologies and applications. These technologies and applications can be seen at government and private buildings, city facilities, information and communication technology infrastructure, and personal services. They have a net-positive impact on the environment and natural resources by reducing harmful emissions and the excessive and unnecessary use of energy, water, gas, public and private transport vehicles, and more. Cities have used these technologies and applications to brand themselves as having efficient, sustainable, and powerful economies, security, tidiness, planning of urban facilities, enhanced civic imagery, and a high quality of life. This branding, in turn, makes a city more attractive to target audiences. In this paper, smart city technologies and applications in the world’s leading smart cities were examined. Thereafter, common and city-specific applications were listed. Finally, suggestions were put forward for tourism cities to realize sustainable economic development by means of tourism and become attractive destinations for existing and prospective visitors

Production and Optimization of Killer Toxin in Debaryomyces hansenii Strains

WOS: 000401007700006Postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables result in critical losses of production in worldwide. The losses often are caused by fungi and nowadays, most fungal pathogens are controlled by several strategies such as the use of fungicides. However, most of the fungicides are chemical-based compounds and are dangerous to human health and the nature. Therefore, the discovery of healthy and reliable strategies is crucial to control of fungal pathogens. In the paper, it was aimed to evaluate and characterize yeast isolates previously isolated from dairy products for the production of killer toxin. A total of 18 yeasts have been found to produce antagonistic behavior against susceptible fungal species. All of the yeasts expressing killer character were characterized by using several molecular techniques, and isolates TEM8 and 17 identified as D. hansenii have showed the strongest antifungal activities. Improvement of killer toxin production by the yeasts also has been studied, and the highest production was found in YMB medium containing NaCl (6%) and DMSO (1000 ppm) at pH 4.0 and 20 degrees C. The killer characters of these yeasts have indicated the potential use of the yeasts as antagonists for the control of postharvest diseases in agricultural industries