1,390 research outputs found
Transition from Knudsen to molecular diffusion in activity of absorbing irregular interfaces
We investigate through molecular dynamics the transition from Knudsen to
molecular diffusion transport towards 2d absorbing interfaces with irregular
geometry. Our results indicate that the length of the active zone decreases
continuously with density from the Knudsen to the molecular diffusion regime.
In the limit where molecular diffusion dominates, we find that this length
approaches a constant value of the order of the system size, in agreement with
theoretical predictions for Laplacian transport in irregular geometries.
Finally, we show that all these features can be qualitatively described in
terms of a simple random-walk model of the diffusion process.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Lattice thermal expansion and anisotropic displacements in urea, bromomalonic aldehyde, pentachloropyridine and naphthalene
Anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs) are commonly used in
crystallography, chemistry and related fields to describe and quantify thermal
motion of atoms. Within the very recent years, these ADPs have become
predictable by lattice dynamics in combination with first-principles theory.
Here, we study four very different molecular crystals, namely urea,
bromomalonic aldehyde, pentachloropyridine, and naphthalene, by
first-principles theory to assess the quality of ADPs calculated in the
quasi-harmonic approximation. In addition, we predict both thermal expansion
and thermal motion within the quasi-harmonic approximation and compare the
predictions with experimental data. Very reliable ADPs are calculated within
the quasi-harmonic approximation for all four cases up to at least 200 K, and
they turn out to be in better agreement with experiment than the harmonic ones.
In one particular case, ADPs can even reliably be predicted up to room
temperature. Our results also hint at the importance of normal-mode
anharmonicity in the calculation of ADPs
An introduction to the parabolic equation for acoustic propagation
The derivation of the parabolic wave equation for acoustic propagation is studied and presented pedagogically for tutorial purposes. The literature is reviewed and modifications to the parabolic equation to increase accuracy are mentioned. Some of the algorithms for computer implementations of the parabolic approximation are discussed qualitatively, and the various approaches to dealing properly with the density change between the water column and the bottom are examined.Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity, NSTL Station, MSApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Code renewability for native software protection
Software protection aims at safeguarding assets embedded in software by preventing and delaying reverse engineering and tampering attacks. This article presents an architecture and supporting tool flow to renew parts of native applications dynamically. Renewed and diversified code and data belonging to either the original application or to linked-in protections are delivered from a secure server to a client on demand. This results in frequent changes to the software components when they are under attack, thus making attacks harder. By supporting various forms of diversification and renewability, novel protection combinations become available and existing combinations become stronger. The prototype implementation is evaluated on several industrial use cases
Transient behavior in Single-File Systems
We have used Monte-Carlo methods and analytical techniques to investigate the
influence of the characteristics, such as pipe length, diffusion, adsorption,
desorption and reaction rates on the transient properties of Single-File
Systems. The transient or the relaxation regime is the period in which the
system is evolving to equilibrium. We have studied the system when all the
sites are reactive and when only some of them are reactive. Comparisons between
Mean-Field predictions, Cluster Approximation predictions, and Monte Carlo
simulations for the relaxation time of the system are shown. We outline the
cases where Mean-Field analysis gives good results compared to Dynamic
Monte-Carlo results. For some specific cases we can analytically derive the
relaxation time. Occupancy profiles for different distribution of the sites
both for Mean-Field and simulations are compared. Different results for slow
and fast reaction systems and different distribution of reactive sites are
discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 19 figure
A lung-inspired approach to scalable and robust fuel cell design
A lung-inspired approach is employed to overcome reactant homogeneity issues in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. The fractal geometry of the lung is used as the model to design flow-fields of different branching generations, resulting in uniform reactant distribution across the electrodes and minimum entropy production of the whole system. 3D printed, lung-inspired flow field based PEFCs with N = 4 generations outperform the conventional serpentine flow field designs at 50% and 75% RH, exhibiting a 20% and 30% increase in performance (at current densities higher than 0.8 A cm2) and maximum power density, respectively. In terms of pressure drop, fractal flow-fields with N = 3 and 4 generations demonstrate 75% and 50% lower values than conventional serpentine flow-field design for all RH tested, reducing the power requirements for pressurization and recirculation of the reactants. The positive effect of uniform reactant distribution is pronounced under extended current-hold measurements, where lung-inspired flow field based PEFCs with N = 4 generations exhibit the lowest voltage decay (B5 mV h1). The enhanced fuel cell performance and low pressure drop values of fractal flow field design are preserved at large scale (25 cm2), in which the excessive pressure drop of a large-scale serpentine flow field renders its use prohibitive
Multiperiodic multifractal martingale measures
Projet FRACTALESA nonnegative 1-periodic multifractal measure on R is obtained as infinite random product of harmonics of a 1-periodic function W(t). Such infinite products are statistically self-affine and generalize certain Riesz products with random phases. This convergence is due to their martingale structure. The criterion of non-degeneracy is provided. It differs from those of other random measures constructed as martingale limits of multiplicative processes. It is also very sensitive to small changes in W(t). Interpreting these infinite products in the framework of thermodynamic formalism for random transformations makes these infinite product non-degenerate and convergent via a natural normalization that does not affect non-degenerate original infinite products. The multifractal analysis of the limit measure is studied. It requires suitable Gibbs measures. In the thermodynamic formalism, the notion of weak Gibbs measures was recently introduced and it is associated with a weak principle of bounded variations for the potential function. There, the potential belongs to a subclass of piecewise continuous functions; here, the role of the potential is played by the logarithm of W. A new approach we develop makes it possible to obtain the multifractal nature of infinite random products of harmonics of periodic functions W with a dense countable set of jump points
Geometric invariant theory of syzygies, with applications to moduli spaces
We define syzygy points of projective schemes, and introduce a program of
studying their GIT stability. Then we describe two cases where we have managed
to make some progress in this program, that of polarized K3 surfaces of odd
genus, and of genus six canonical curves. Applications of our results include
effectivity statements for divisor classes on the moduli space of odd genus K3
surfaces, and a new construction in the Hassett-Keel program for the moduli
space of genus six curves.Comment: v1: 23 pages, submitted to the Proceedings of the Abel Symposium
2017, v2: final version, corrects a sign error and resulting divisor class
calculations on the moduli space of K3 surfaces in Section 5, other minor
changes, In: Christophersen J., Ranestad K. (eds) Geometry of Moduli.
Abelsymposium 2017. Abel Symposia, vol 14. Springer, Cha
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