Gençlik

François Coppée'nin Servet-i Fünun'da yayımlanan Gençlik adlı romanının ilk ve son tefrikalar

Jan Mast, een Utrechtse beeldhouwer van grafmonumenten in de achttiende eeuw

Until now, not much was known about Jan Mast, an eighteenth century sculptor from Utrecht. He left four signed funerary monuments in marble, two in the church of Wijhe (province of Overijssel), one in Tiel and one in Houten. Apart from these, a wooden Justice statue by him exists, which is now in the Centraal Museum in Utrecht. Jan Mast is to be regarded as a successor of seventeenth-century sculptors, such as Artus Quellinus, Rombout Verhulst and Bartholomeus Eggers. He often used the same imagery in the mourning symbolism on the funerary monuments. However, in the eighteenth century commissions for such monuments were more frequently given by private individuals than by the authorities as was the case in the seventeenth century. Mast used fashionable elements, such as portrait medallions and a portrait bust, putti and obelisks. From written sources it is known that he also made garden ornaments; unfortunately none of these have been preserved as far as we know. Although the work of Mast lacks the originality of his predecessors, he is still to be regarded as a competent craftsman of his time, when sculptors from the northern Netherlands, particularly in Utrecht did not prevail

Gençlik

François Coppée'nin Servet-i Fünun'da yayımlanan Gençlik adlı romanının ilk ve son tefrikalar

Dört zenginin hayatı

François Coppée'nin Tarik'te yayımlanan Dört Zenginin Hayatı adlı romanının ilk ve son tefrikalar

Bir hata-yı şebap

François Coppée'nin Servet-i Fünun'da yayımlanan Bir Hata-yı Şebap adlı romanının ilk ve son tefrikalar

Mücrim

François Coppée'nin Servet-i Fünun'da yayımlanan Mücrim adlı romanının ilk ve son tefrikalar

The implementation of the universal jurisdiction over torture in European countries

This dissertation presents an evaluation of universal jurisdiction over torture offenses. By doing so, it focuses on European states, in particular Belgium, France and the United Kingdom, all of which show a particular openness to prosecute torture offences on the basis of universal jurisdiction. It is demonstrated that Belgium, France and the United Kingdom have complied with the obligation set out in article 5(2) of the UN Torture Convention to establish universal jurisdiction over torture offences in their domestic legislation. They were, moreover, the first countries to conduct torture trials on this ground. However, 30 years after the signature of the Convention, such trials rarely occur because European prosecutors and courts face both practical and legal problems. I argue that some controversies have been solved, especially those relating to the non-retroactivity of the implemented legislation, the prohibition of amnesties, as well as the legality of the proceedings in the absence of the offender and of the operation of a principle of subsidiarity. The latter principle would give primacy jurisdiction at least to the territorial state that wants and is able to prosecute. However, the controversies relating to the legality of the universal jurisdiction over the torture of citizens of non States Parties, the ne bis in idem prohibition, the broad immunities and the establishment of efficient legislation and cooperation between states are far from being settled. I argue that the cooperation between states at the regional and international level is needed to solve the legal and practical issues about universal jurisdiction over torture, and to stop its differentiated applications. The forum state is also responsible to provide prosecution and police services with a suitable working context that has clear and efficient legislation and guidelines about universal jurisdiction over torture. Indeed, successful prosecution primarily devolve to these criminal practitioners' motivation

Dewetting of thin polymer films: Influence of interface evolution

The dewetting dynamics of ultrathin polymer films, e.g. in the model system of polystyrene on a polydimethylsiloxane-covered substrate, exhibits interesting behavior like a fast decay of the dewetting velocity and a maximum in the width of the built-up rim in the course of time. These features have been recently ascribed to the relaxation of residual stresses in the film that stem from the nonequilibrium preparation of the samples. Recent experiments by Coppee et al. on PS with low molecular weight, where such stresses could not be evidenced, showed however similar behavior. By scaling arguments and numerical solution of a thin film viscoelastic model we show that the maximum in the width of the rim can be caused by a temporal evolution of the friction coefficient (or equivalently of the slip length), for which we discuss two possible mechanisms. In addition, the maximum in the width is affected by the sample age. As a consequence, knowing the temporal behavior of friction (or slip length) in principle allows to measure the aging dynamics of a polymer-polymer interface by simple dewetting experiments.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

Microarray estimation of genomic inter-strain variability in the genus Ectocarpus (Phaeophyceae)

<p/> <p>Background</p> <p>Brown algae of the genus <it>Ectocarpus </it>exhibit high levels of genetic diversity and variability in morphological and physiological characteristics. With the establishment of <it>E. siliculosus </it>as a model and the availability of a complete genome sequence, it is now of interest to analyze variability among different species, ecotypes, and strains of the genus <it>Ectocarpus </it>both at the genome and the transcriptome level.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We used an <it>E. siliculosus </it>gene expression microarray based on EST sequences from the genome-sequenced strain (reference strain) to carry out comparative genome hybridizations for five <it>Ectocarpus </it>strains: four <it>E. siliculosus </it>isolates (the male genome strain, a female strain used for outcrosses with the genome strain, a strain isolated from freshwater, and a highly copper-tolerant strain), as well as one strain of the sister species <it>E. fasciculatus</it>. Our results revealed significant genomic differences between ecotypes of the same species, and enable the selection of conserved probes for future microarray experiments with these strains. In the two closely related strains (a male and a female strain used for crosses), genomic differences were also detected, but concentrated in two smaller genomic regions, one of which corresponds to a viral insertion site.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The high variability between strains supports the concept of <it>E. siliculosus </it>as a complex of cryptic species. Moreover, our data suggest that several parts of the <it>Ectocarpus </it>genome may have evolved at different rates: high variability was detected particularly in transposable elements and fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding proteins.</p