705 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Factors affecting womenâs adherence with pelvic floor muscle exercises in a first pregnancy: a qualitative interview study
yesEvidence-based national guidelines recommend that women practise pelvic floor
muscle exercises (PFMEs) during their first pregnancy in order to reduce the
likelihood of becoming incontinent of urine. Adherence to these exercises during
pregnancy is low, although little is known about the factors that influence some
women to exercise during pregnancy while others do not. The aim of this study
was to increase understanding of the motivating factors for, and barriers to,
performing PFMEs during a first pregnancy using data gathered from four
qualitative interviews. Analysis of the interview transcripts revealed four relevant
themes: knowledge and understanding; experience of incontinence; attitude to
incontinence; and cues to exercise. Having adequate knowledge of the PFMEs and
the benefits of these exercises, knowing an incontinent woman of the same age and
believing that the PFMEs would prevent incontinence, and having a regular cue to
exercise prompted exercise adherence. Recommendations are made for practice
and further research
Combinations of antioxidants and/or of epigenetic enzyme inhibitors allow for enhanced collection of mouse bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells in ambient air
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a treatment for malignant and non-malignant disorders. However, sometimes the numbers of donor hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are limiting, which can compromise the success of HCT. We recently published that collection and processing of mouse bone marrow (BM) and human cord blood cells in a hypoxic atmosphere of 3% O2 or in ambient air (~21% O2) in the presence of cyclosporine A yields increased numbers of HSC. We now show that collection and processing of mouse BM cells in ambient air in the presence of specific combinations of anti-oxidants and/or inhibitors of epigenetic enzymes can also enhance the collection of HSC, information of potential relevance for enhanced efficacy of HCT
Cigarette Smoking, Birthweight and Osteoporosis in Adulthood: Results from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study
We looked for interaction between early environment and adult lifestyle in determination of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) among 498 men and 468 women for whom birth records were available. Participants completed a health questionnaire, and bone densitometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine and femoral neck performed
A self-consistent treatment of non-equilibrium spin torques in magnetic multilayers
It is known that the transfer of spin angular momenta between current
carriers and local moments occurs near the interface of magnetic layers when
their moments are non-collinear. However, to determine the magnitude of the
transfer, one should calculate the spin transport properties far beyond the
interface regions. Based on the spin diffusion equation, we present a
self-consistent approach to evaluate the spin torque for a number of layered
structures. One of the salient features is that the longitudinal and transverse
components of spin accumulations are inter-twined from one layer to the next,
and thus, the spin torque could be significantly amplified with respect to
treatments which concentrate solely on the transport at the interface due to
the presence of the much longer longitudinal spin diffusion length. We conclude
that bare spin currents do not properly estimate the spin angular momentum
transferred between to the magnetic background; the spin transfer that occurs
at interfaces should be self-consistently determined by embedding it in our
globally diffuse transport calculations.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figure
Bessel Process and Conformal Quantum Mechanics
Different aspects of the connection between the Bessel process and the
conformal quantum mechanics (CQM) are discussed. The meaning of the possible
generalizations of both models is investigated with respect to the other model,
including self adjoint extension of the CQM. Some other generalizations such as
the Bessel process in the wide sense and radial Ornstein- Uhlenbeck process are
discussed with respect to the underlying conformal group structure.Comment: 28 Page
Correlation Entropy of an Interacting Quantum Field and H-theorem for the O(N) Model
Following the paradigm of Boltzmann-BBGKY we propose a correlation entropy
(of the nth order) for an interacting quantum field, obtained by `slaving'
(truncation with causal factorization) of the higher (n+1 th) order correlation
functions in the Schwinger-Dyson system of equations. This renders an otherwise
closed system effectively open where dissipation arises. The concept of
correlation entropy is useful for addressing issues related to thermalization.
As a small yet important step in that direction we prove an H-theorem for the
correlation entropy of a quantum mechanical O(N) model with a Closed Time Path
Two Particle Irreducible Effective Action at the level of Next-to-Leading-Order
large N approximation. This model may be regarded as a field theory in
space dimensions.Comment: 22 page
Nonequilibrium Quantum Dynamics Of Disoriented Chiral Condensates
The nonequilibrium dynamics of the chiral phase transition expected during
the expansion of the quark-qluon plasma produced in a high energy hadron or
heavy ion collision is studied in the O(4) linear sigma model to leading order
in a large expansion. Starting from an approximate equilibrium
configuration at an initial proper time in the disordered phase we study
the transition to the ordered broken symmetry phase as the system expands and
cools. We give results for the proper time evolution of the effective pion
mass, the order parameter as well as for the pion two point
correlation function expressed in terms of a time dependent phase space number
density and pair correlation density. We determine the phase space of initial
conditions that lead to instabilities (exponentially growing long wave length
modes) as the system evolves in time. These instabilities are what eventually
lead to disoriented chiral condensates. In our simulations,we found that
instabilities that are formed during the initial phases of the expansion exist
for proper times that are at most and lead to condensate regions that
do not contain large numbers of particles. The damping of instabilities is a
consequence of strong coupling.Comment: 49 pages, figures available by reques
Multiwavelength Observations of Supersonic Plasma Blob Triggered by Reconnection Generated Velocity Pulse in AR10808
Using multi-wavelength observations of Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
(SoHO)/Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI), Transition Region and Coronal Explorer
(TRACE) 171 \AA, and H from Culgoora Solar Observatory at Narrabri,
Australia, we present a unique observational signature of a propagating
supersonic plasma blob before an M6.2 class solar flare in AR10808 on 9th
September 2005. The blob was observed between 05:27 UT to 05:32 UT with almost
a constant shape for the first 2-3 minutes, and thereafter it quickly vanished
in the corona. The observed lower bound speed of the blob is estimated as
215 km s in its dynamical phase. The evidence of the blob with
almost similar shape and velocity concurrent in H and TRACE 171 \AA\
supports its formation by multi-temperature plasma. The energy release by a
recurrent 3-D reconnection process via the separator dome below the magnetic
null point, between the emerging flux and pre-existing field lines in the lower
solar atmosphere, is found to be the driver of a radial velocity pulse outwards
that accelerates this plasma blob in the solar atmosphere. In support of
identification of the possible driver of the observed eruption, we solve the
two-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations numerically to simulate the
observed supersonic plasma blob. The numerical modelling closely match the
observed velocity, evolution of multi-temperature plasma, and quick vanishing
of the blob found in the observations. Under typical coronal conditions, such
blobs may also carry an energy flux of 7.0 ergs cm
s to re-balance the coronal losses above active regions.Comment: Solar Physics; 22 Pages; 8 Figure
Altered H19/miRâ675 expression in skeletal muscle is associated with low muscle mass in communityâdwelling older adults
Background:
Despite increasing knowledge of the pathogenesis of muscle ageing, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Based on an expression analysis of muscle biopsies from older Caucasian men, we undertook an in-depth analysis of the expression of the long non-coding RNA, H19, to identify molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the loss of muscle mass with age.
Methods:
We carried out transcriptome analysis of vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from 40 healthy Caucasian men aged 68â76 years from the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study (HSS) with respect to appendicular lean mass adjusted for height (ALMi). Validation and replication was carried out using qRT-PCR in 130 independent male and female participants aged 73â83 years recruited into an extension of the HSS (HSSe). DNA methylation was assessed using pyrosequencing.
Results:
Lower ALMi was associated with higher muscle H19 expression (r2 = 0.177, P < 0.001). The microRNAs, miR-675-5p/3p encoded by exon 1 of H19, were positively correlated with H19 expression (Pearson r = 0.192 and 0.182, respectively, P < 0.03), and miR-675-5p expression negatively associated with ALMi (r2 = 0.629, P = 0.005). The methylation of CpGs within the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) were negatively correlated with H19 expression (Pearson r = â0.211 to â0.245, P †0.05). Moreover, RNA and protein levels of SMAD1 and 5, targets of miR-675-3p, were negatively associated with miR-675-3p (r2 = 0.792 and 0.760, respectively) and miR-675-5p (r2 = 0.584 and 0.723, respectively) expression, and SMAD1 and 5 RNA levels positively associated with greater type II fibre size (r2 = 0.184 and 0.246, respectively, P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
Increased expression profiles of H19/miR-675-5p/3p and lower expression of the anabolic SMAD1/5 effectors of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling are associated with low muscle mass in older individuals
- âŠ