History of Stepped Channels and Spillways: a Rediscovery of the 'Wheel'

Recently, spillways with a stepped profile have regained interest and favor among design engineers to pass flood waters over the dams. The stepped geometry enhances the energy dissipation above the spillway and reduces the size of a downstream stilling basin. In this paper, the author shows that the technique of stepped channels has been developed since Antiquity. Spillways and irrigation channels with stepped profiles were developed by several civilisations around the Mediterranean sea and in America. The main characteristics of the stepped spillways along the ages suggest a regular evolution rather than a revolution. Present stepped spillways are designed to pass similar discharges as two hundred years ago

PROCEEDINGS Arts in History, Culture, Philosophy, Education, and Heritage

It is a great pleasure to welcome all of you to the beautiful city of Surakarta. Surakarta is a historic city with two great palaces located at the north and south of the city. It is a place for the International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Arts Creation and Studies (IICACS) since 2016. This is the second year of the conference. In this occasion we would like to thank to the many people involved in the planning of the events over the past years, from members of Organizing Committee, to Steering committee, and professional researchers and academic who made efforts to participate in this event. We also would like to offer special thanks to the guest speakers Phakamas Jirajarupat, Ph.D (Thailand) and - Prof. Jose S. Buenconsejo, Ph.D (Philippines) who travelled from far a way to dedicate their presentations, to the speakers from Indonesia, Malaysia, Australia,and from Mexico to whom we cannot mention them individually. This conference has significant meanings to all of us who made endeavor in our career. We provide opportunity to these people to exchange ideas, reflections, and findings in order to develop our fields. By attending this conference, we hope that we can strengthen network that will be beneficial for the better future. More specifically, we expect that this conference can facilitate all of participants to develop international forum that will foster better understanding to conduct collaborative works. In the spirit of friendship and international collaborations, and with the expectation of your active participation, I would like to express the warmest regards to you

Letter from O.F. Cook, Bionomist in Charge, Bureau of Plant Industry, and C.L. Marlatt, Acting Chief of Bureau, to Dr. Paul Osterhout, regarding Yellow Fever research

2 pages regarding an insect specimen sent for examinatio

American Geographical Society of New York Records, 1723-2010, bulk 1854-2000

Cook's plan for an expedition to Liberia presented to the AGS. Reasons include: science, commerce, and colonization